Indice de masse corporelle

Résumé

L’indice de masse corporelle ou IMC (en anglais, body mass index ou BMI) est une grandeur qui permet d'estimer la corpulence d’une personne. Inventé au milieu du par Adolphe Quetelet, mathématicien belge et l'un des fondateurs de la statistique moderne, cet indice est aussi appelé l'indice de Quetelet. Il se calcule en fonction de la taille et de la masse corporelle. Il a été conçu, au départ, pour les adultes de 18 à , mais de nouveaux diagrammes de croissance ont vu le jour au cours des dernières décennies pour les enfants de 0 à . Dans les deux cas, il constitue une indication et intervient dans le calcul de l'indice de masse grasse (IMG). Définition Selon l'Organisation mondiale de la santé (OMS), IMC=M/T^2, avec M la masse corporelle (en kilogrammes) et T la stature (en mètres). L'IMC s'exprime en . Ce n'est pas un indice (valeur sans unité) au sens mathématique du terme. Exemple : une personne mesurant et

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indice_de_masse_corporelle

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Association of PCK1 with Body Mass Index and Other Metabolic Features in Patients With Psychotropic Treatments

Aurélie Delacrétaz, Pierre Magistretti

Weight gain is a major health problem among psychiatric populations. It implicates several receptors and hormones involved in energy balance and metabolism. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 is a rate-controlling enzyme involved in gluconeogenesis, glyceroneogenesis and cataplerosis and has been related to obesity and diabetes phenotypes in animals and humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 polymorphisms with metabolic traits in psychiatric patients treated with psychotropic drugs inducing weight gain and in general population samples. One polymorphism (rs11552145G > A) significantly associated with body mass index in the psychiatric discovery sample (n = 478) was replicated in 2 other psychiatric samples (n(1) = 168, n(2) = 188), with AA-genotype carriers having lower body mass index as compared to G-allele carriers. Stronger associations were found among women younger than 45 years carrying AA-genotype as compared to G-allele carriers (-2.25 kg/m(2), n = 151, P = 0.009) and in the discovery sample (-2.20 kg/m(2), n = 423, P = 0.0004). In the discovery sample for which metabolic parameters were available, AA-genotype showed lower waist circumference (-6.86 cm, P = 0.008) and triglycerides levels (-5.58 mg/100 mL, P < 0.002) when compared to G-allele carriers. Finally, waist-to-hip ratio was associated with rs6070157 (proxy of rs11552145, r(2) = 0.99) in a population-based sample (N = 123,865, P = 0.022). Our results suggest an association of rs11552145G > A polymorphism with metabolic-related traits, especially in psychiatric populations and in women younger than 45 years.

Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins2015

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Influence of MCHR2 and MCHR2-AS1 Genetic Polymorphisms on Body Mass Index in Psychiatric Patients and In Population-Based Subjects with Present or Past Atypical Depression

Aurélie Delacrétaz, Pierre Magistretti

Obesity development during psychotropic treatments represents a major health issue in psychiatry. Melanin-concentrating hormone receptor 2 (MCHR2) is a central receptor involved in energy homeostasis. MCHR2 shares its promoter region with MCHR2-AS1, a long antisense non-coding RNA. The aim of this study was to determine whether tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) of MCHR2 and MCHR2-AS1 are associated with the body mass index (BMI) in the psychiatric and in the general population. The influence of MCHR2 and MCHR2-AS1 tSNPs on BMI was firstly investigated in a discovery psychiatric sample (n(1) = 474). Positive results were tested for replication in two other psychiatric samples (n(2) = 164, n(3) = 178) and in two population-based samples (CoLaus, n(4) = 5409; GIANT, n(5) = 113809). In the discovery sample, TT carriers of rs7754794C>T had 1.08 kg/m(2) (p = 0.04) lower BMI as compared to C-allele carriers. This observation was replicated in an independent psychiatric sample (-2.18 kg/m(2); p = 0.009). The association of rs7754794C>T and BMI seemed stronger in subjects younger than 45 years (median of age). In the population-based sample, a moderate association was observed (-0.17 kg/m(2); p = 0.02) among younger individuals (

Public Library of Science2015

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Body Mass Index and Insomnia association with exposure to nighttime noise in the state of Geneva

Jérôme Chenal, Andrea Salmi

2018

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