Nouvelle-Zélande

Résumé

La Nouvelle-Zélande (en anglais : New Zealand ; en maori : Aotearoa) est un pays insulaire d'Océanie situé dans le Sud-Ouest de l'océan Pacifique. Elle est constituée de deux îles principales : l'île du Nord et l'île du Sud, ainsi que de 700 plus petites îles. Se situant à environ au sud-sud-est de Grande Terre, en Nouvelle-Calédonie, dont elle est séparée par l'océan Pacifique Sud et à à l'est-sud-est de la Tasmanie, elle se trouve également à de Vanuatu (île d'Anatom), à au sud-est de l'Australie continentale et à environ au sud-sud-est des Fidji et des Tonga. La topographie variée du pays et ses pics montagneux, dont ceux des Alpes du Sud, doivent beaucoup au soulèvement tectonique et aux éruptions volcaniques. Sa capitale est Wellington et sa plus grande ville est Auckland. En raison de son éloignement, l'archipel néo-zélandais constitue la dernière grande masse continentale à avoir été découverte et colonisée par les hommes. Les îles ont d'abord été peuplées entre 1280 e

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouvelle-Z%C3%A9lande

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Rainwater harvesting is a practice already widely used throughout rural New-Zealand, which makes it well developed on the country’s market as well as in people’s minds. Therefore, it is pertinent to study whether this sustainable practice could be implemented in urban areas so as to provide water for purposes such as toilet flushing, washing machines and garden use. This study concentrates on the health issues posed by roof water collecting with qualitative results for water quality, and on other aspects such as costs and benefits of such systems, politics towards this practice, and the impact it can have in recovering from a natural disaster. The results showed both environmental and faecal contamination of the harvested rainwater especially after important rainfall events, and the presence of such contamination in stored water can lead to disease outbreaks especially if consumed. However, testing effectuated on first flush diverted volumes revealed that such devices can considerably improve the harvested water’s quality if a quantity of water between fifty and eighty litres is diverted at the beginning of heavy rainfall. Cost wise, the slimline tanks series is well adapted to urban environments due to their shape but the price to pay is twice that of a normal tank. A 5’000 litres normal tank seems the best option as its mean price is of 1’500 NZD and its efficiency in providing the household with water for different uses is usually around 80% and can reach up to 95%. Furthermore, if in the future the authorities realize the advantages of having rainwater tanks installed in urban areas, rebates could then be offered on the acquirement of such systems.

2011

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Nowadays, the consumer is worried by his health and by the environmental protection. Two interesting groups, among the others, can be distinguished : persons worried of eating organic products and persons who consume regional products. What about imported organic products? And what about local conventional products? Which environmental impacts have they? The objective of the work was to compare products stemming from the organic farming and imported in Geneva with products stemming from the regional conventional agriculture, where the region is Geneva. Studied products are apple, tomato, wheat and egg. The origin of these organic products is New-Zealand, Netherland, Canada and United Kingdom, respectively. Results show that each production process involves specific impacts. A unique conclusion for all fruits, all vegetables, all cereals or all animal products is not possible. However, for the precise cases studied, we can say that for all products results show that the imported organic products lead more environmental impacts than regional conventional products. For tomato and egg, a production improvement could invert the tendency. For apple and wheat, a transport reduction will decrease environmental impacts. These results lead to some interrogations : Is Local agriculture enough to feed its inhabitants? Is conventional agriculture sustainable?

2009

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In any sport or human endeavor, coaches regularly state “play to your strengths.” One might not guess that a land-locked, mountainous country like Switzerland would have strengths that would give them a chance at winning the oldest, most competitive sailing competition in the world, the America’s Cup. But it does! In 2003, in the Harukai Gulf of New Zealand, a Swiss yacht called Alinghi was the surprise winner of the America’s up. And in 2007, in the Mediterranean sea near Valencia, Alinghi confirmed its dominance by defeating the New Zealand Team 5 to 2 in a breathtaking final match race. Mathematics and computational science were involved in Alinghi’s first successes in 2003, when it won the Louis Vuitton Cup and then the America’s Cup by defeating the defending Black Magic Team of New Zealand. Mathematics helped create the design of the boat which brought the defender Alinghi its second triumph in Valencia in 2007. Mathematical models were used in the design phase and again during the competition. Of course mathematical models alone are not enough to guarantee success in a race as competitive as the America’s Cup: a great team and much luck are needed. We know that people and explorers have been sailing literally since the stone age. It may seem astonishing that, with all the technological progress that has been achieved, sailing is still such a challenge. Alinghi has shown that part of the progress that will likely be made in the future rests on mathematical models and their numerical solution.

2009

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