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In optics, a dichroic material is either one which causes visible light to be split up into distinct beams of different wavelengths (colours) (not to be confused with dispersion), or one in which light rays having different polarizations are absorbed by different amounts. In beam splitters Beam splitter The original meaning of dichroic, from the Greek dikhroos, two-coloured, refers to any optical device which can split a beam of light into two beams with differing wavelengths. Such devices include mirrors and filters, usually treated with optical coatings, which are designed to reflect light over a certain range of wavelengths and transmit light which is outside that range. An example is the dichroic prism, used in some camcorders, which uses several coatings to split light into red, green and blue components for recording on separate CCD arrays, however it is now more common to have a Bayer filter to filter individual pixels on a single CCD array. This kind of dichroic devi

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Cellulose Nanocrystals with Tethered Polymer Chains: Chemically Patchy versus Uniform Decoration

Alix Vaimiti Marie Dupire, Alke Fink, Harm-Anton Klok, Théo Gaston Gérard Lachat, Justin Orazio Zoppe

The site-specific surface modification of colloidal substrates, yielding "patchy" nanoparticles, is a rapidly expanding area of research as a result of the new complex structural hierarchies that are becoming accessible to chemists and materials scientists through colloidal self-assembly. The inherent directionality of cellulose chains, which feature a nonreducing and a reducing end, within individual cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) renders them an interesting experimental platform for the synthesis of asymmetric nanorods with end-tethered polymer chains. Here, we present water-tolerant reaction pathways toward patchy and uniformly modified CNC hybrids based on atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and initiators that were linked to the CNCs with carbodiimide-mediated coupling and Fischer esterification, respectively. Various monomers, including N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (METAC), and sodium 4-vinylbenzenesulfonate (4-SS), were polymerized from both types of initiator-modified CNCs, yielding chemically patchy and uniform CNC hybrids, via surface-initiated ATRP (SI-ATRP). Interestingly, the stereochemistry of tethered PNIPAM was affected by the precise location of ATRP initiating sites, as evidenced by H-1 NMR and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. This effect may be related to the inherent right-handed chirality of CNCs. CNC/PMETAC hybrids were labeled with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in order to visualize the precise location of polymer tethers via cryo-electron microscopy. In some instances, the AuNPs were indeed concentrated at the end groups of the patchy CNC hybrids.

2017

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Strongly Red-Shifted Photoluminescence Band Induced by Molecular Twisting in Cyanine (Cy3) Dye Films

Surendra Babu Anantharaman, Roland Hany, Jakob Heier, Frank Nüesch, Chuyao Peng

Cyanine dye molecules, used as monomers or in aggregate form, find interesting applications in optoelectronic devices. Among the various aggregate species incorporating organic dyes, centrosymmetric dimers are known as nonluminescent. They can act as exciton quenchers due to a low-energy optically forbidden excited state. In this study, however, we, show that a dimer species in thin films exhibits efficient and strongly red-shifted photoluminescence. When the films were excited, a monomer emission at 590 nm along with a second emission peak at 680 nm was observed. A close relation between the dye concentration and the emission showed that a new emission at 680 nm corresponds to the dimer emission. Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy reveals that a fraction of the dimers exist in a twisted dimer configuration. Stable, long-lived, and quenchable fluorescence with high quantum yield is attributed to this (Timer emission.

American Chemical Society2017

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X-ray absorption linear dichroism at the Ti K-edge of rutile (001) TiO2 single crystal

Camila Bacellar Cases Da Silveira, Oliviero Cannelli, Majed Chergui, Dominik Kinschel, Giulia Fulvia Mancini, Thomas Charles Henry Rossi, Jérémy Raymond Jean Maurice Rouxel

X-ray absorption linear dichroism of rutile TiO2 at the Ti K-edge provides information about the electronic states involved in the pre-edge transitions. Here, linear dichroism with high energy resolution is analyzed in combination with ab initio finite difference method calculations and spherical tensor analysis. It provides an assignment of the three pre-edge peaks beyond the octahedral crystal field splitting approximation and estimates the spatial extension of the corresponding final states. It is then discussed for the first time the X-ray absorption (XAS) of pentacoordinated titanium atoms due to oxygen vacancies and it is found that, similarly to anatase TiO2, rutile is expected to exhibit a transition on the low-energy side of peak A3. Its apparent absence in the experiment is related to the degree of p-d orbital mixing which is small in rutile due to its centrosymmetric point group. A recent XAS linear dichroism study on anatase TiO2 single crystals has shown that peak A2 has an intrinsic origin and is due to a quadrupolar transition to the 3d energy levels. In rutile, due to its centrosymmetric point group, the corresponding peak A2 has a small dipole moment explaining the weak transition. The results are confronted with recent picosecond X-ray absorption spectroscopy on rutile TiO(2 )nanoparticles.

INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY2020

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