Résumé
Concerning rating scales as systems of educational marks, see more articles about education in different countries (named "Education in ..."), for example, Education in Ukraine. Concerning rating scales used in the practice of medicine, see articles about diagnoses, for example, Major depressive disorder. A rating scale is a set of categories designed to elicit information about a quantitative or a qualitative attribute. In the social sciences, particularly psychology, common examples are the Likert response scale and 1-10 rating scales in which a person selects the number which is considered to reflect the perceived quality of a product. A rating scale is a method that requires the rater to assign a value, sometimes numeric, to the rated object, as a measure of some rated attribute All rating scales can be classified into one of these types: Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) Likert Graphic rating scale Descriptive graphic rating scale Some data are measured at the ordinal level. Numbers indicate the relative position of items, but not the magnitude of difference. Attitude and opinion scales are usually ordinal; one example is a Likert response scale: Statement e.g. "I could not live without my computer". Response options Strongly disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly agree Some data are measured at the interval level. Numbers indicate the magnitude of difference between items, but there is no absolute zero point. A good example is a Fahrenheit/Celsius temperature scale where the differences between numbers matter, but placement of zero does not. Some data are measured at the ratio level. Numbers indicate magnitude of difference and there is a fixed zero point. Ratios can be calculated. Examples include age, income, price, costs, sales revenue, sales volume and market share. More than one rating scale question is required to measure an attitude or perception due to the requirement for statistical comparisons between the categories in the polytomous Rasch model for ordered categories.
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Concepts associés (3)
Échelle de Likert
Une échelle de Likert est un outil psychométrique permettant de mesurer une attitude chez des individus. Elle tire son nom du psychologue américain Rensis Likert qui l'a développée. Elle consiste en une ou plusieurs affirmations (énoncés ou items) pour lesquelles la personne interrogée exprime son degré d'accord ou de désaccord. L'échelle contient pour chaque item une graduation comprenant en général cinq ou sept choix de réponse qui permettent de nuancer le degré d'accord.
Questionnaire
Un questionnaire est une série de questions méthodiquement posées afin de définir un cas, une situation, une demande parmi un grand nombre de possibilités. Un questionnaire peut être l'objet d'un formulaire, ou d'un jeu de menus informatiques. On peut le considérer comme modèle d'un parcours administratif. Les questionnaires sont aussi des outils de recherche pour les sciences humaines et sociales, en particulier la psychologie, la sociologie, le marketing et la géographie.
Item response theory
In psychometrics, item response theory (IRT) (also known as latent trait theory, strong true score theory, or modern mental test theory) is a paradigm for the design, analysis, and scoring of tests, questionnaires, and similar instruments measuring abilities, attitudes, or other variables. It is a theory of testing based on the relationship between individuals' performances on a test item and the test takers' levels of performance on an overall measure of the ability that item was designed to measure.