International Linear ColliderThe International Linear Collider (ILC) is a proposed linear particle accelerator. It is planned to have a collision energy of 500 GeV initially, with the possibility for a later upgrade to 1000 GeV (1 TeV). Although early proposed locations for the ILC were Japan, Europe (CERN) and the USA (Fermilab), the Kitakami highland in the Iwate prefecture of northern Japan has been the focus of ILC design efforts since 2013. The Japanese government is willing to contribute half of the costs, according to the coordinator of study for detectors at the ILC.
Méson BIn particle physics, B mesons are mesons composed of a bottom antiquark and either an up (_B+), down (_B0), strange (_Strange B0) or charm quark (_Charmed B+). The combination of a bottom antiquark and a top quark is not thought to be possible because of the top quark's short lifetime. The combination of a bottom antiquark and a bottom quark is not a B meson, but rather bottomonium, which is something else entirely. Each B meson has an antiparticle that is composed of a bottom quark and an up (_B-), down (_AntiB0), strange (_Strange antiB0) or charm (_Charmed b-) antiquark respectively.
Faster-than-light neutrino anomalyIn 2011, the OPERA experiment mistakenly observed neutrinos appearing to travel faster than light. Even before the source of the error was discovered, the result was considered anomalous because speeds higher than that of light in vacuum are generally thought to violate special relativity, a cornerstone of the modern understanding of physics for over a century. OPERA scientists announced the results of the experiment in September 2011 with the stated intent of promoting further inquiry and debate.
Physique des accélérateursAccelerator physics is a branch of applied physics, concerned with designing, building and operating particle accelerators. As such, it can be described as the study of motion, manipulation and observation of relativistic charged particle beams and their interaction with accelerator structures by electromagnetic fields. It is also related to other fields: Microwave engineering (for acceleration/deflection structures in the radio frequency range). Optics with an emphasis on geometrical optics (beam focusing and bending) and laser physics (laser-particle interaction).
Muon g-2Muon g − 2 (pronounced "gee minus two") is a particle physics experiment at Fermilab to measure the anomalous magnetic dipole moment of a muon to a precision of 0.14 ppm, which is a sensitive test of the Standard Model. It might also provide evidence of the existence of new particles. The muon, like its lighter sibling the electron, acts like a tiny magnet. The parameter known as the "g factor" indicates how strong the magnet is and the rate of its gyration in an externally applied magnetic field.
Zetta-particuleLes zetta-particules (ou rayons cosmiques d'ultra haute énergie) sont des particules dont l'énergie estimée est de l'ordre du (, soit environ ). Les records actuels d'énergie pour une particule observée sont : par le Fly's Eye à l'Université de l'Utah, une zetta-particule de en octobre 1991. Probablement un proton ou un noyau atomique léger qui possédait une énergie équivalente à celle d'une balle de tennis frappée par un bon joueur. par l'Akeno Giant Air Shower Array (AGASA), une douche de particules résultant d'une zetta-particule de le .
BarnLe barn (symbole b) est une unité d'aire employée spécialement en physique nucléaire et en physique des particules pour exprimer les sections efficaces. Cette unité se situe en dehors du Système international. Sa valeur est de soit ou . Cette unité est du même ordre de grandeur que la section géométrique du noyau d'un atome, le rayon du proton étant de . Cependant, les valeurs des sections efficaces diffèrent notablement de leurs valeurs géométriques et varient également de façon importante en fonction de la nature, de l'énergie du flux de particules et des interactions qu'elles subissent en traversant le matériau considéré.
