Méta-analyse | EPFL Graph Search

Une méta-analyse est une méthode scientifique systématique combinant les résultats d'une série d'études indépendantes sur un problème donné, selon un protocole reproductible. Plus spécifiquement, il s'agit d'une synthèse statistique des études incluses dans une revue systématique. La méta-analyse permet une analyse plus précise des données par l'augmentation du nombre de cas étudiés et de tirer une conclusion globale. La méta-analyse fait partie des méthodes d'analyse dites secondaires en ce sens qu'elles s'appuient sur la ré-exploitation de données existantes. Pour certains, les enjeux sont de produire des connaissances nouvelles en prenant appui sur des connaissances existantes, ce qui réduit le temps et le coût de la recherche ; pour d'autres, les enjeux portent plus sur une réinterprétation voire un contrôle des connaissances existantes. Il est possible de distinguer les méta-analyses selon deux critères :

en fonction du type de variable : quantitative (agrégation d'études q

Increased power by harmonizing structural MRI site differences with the ComBat batch method in ENIGMA

Erick Jorge Canales Rodriguez, Wenhao Jiang

A common limitation of neuroimaging studies is their small sample sizes. To overcome this hurdle, the Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) Consortium combines neuroimaging data from many institutions worldwide. However, this introduces heterogeneity due to different scanning devices and sequences. ENIGMA projects commonly address this heterogeneity with random-effects meta-analysis or mixed-effects mega -analysis. Here we tested whether the batch adjustment method, ComBat, can further reduce site-related het-erogeneity and thus increase statistical power. We conducted random-effects meta-analyses, mixed-effects mega -analyses and ComBat mega-analyses to compare cortical thickness, surface area and subcortical volumes between 2897 individuals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia and 3141 healthy controls from 33 sites. Specifically, we compared the imaging data between individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls, covarying for age and sex. The use of ComBat substantially increased the statistical significance of the findings as compared to random - effects meta-analyses. The findings were more similar when comparing ComBat with mixed-effects mega-analysis, although ComBat still slightly increased the statistical significance. ComBat also showed increased statistical power when we repeated the analyses with fewer sites. Results were nearly identical when we applied the ComBat harmonization separately for cortical thickness, cortical surface area and subcortical volumes. Therefore, we recommend applying the ComBat function to attenuate potential effects of site in ENIGMA projects and other multi-site structural imaging work. We provide easy-to-use functions in R that work even if imaging data are partially missing in some brain regions, and they can be trained with one data set and then applied to another (a requirement for some analyses such as machine learning).

2020

An overlapping pattern of cerebral cortical thinning is associated with both positive symptoms and aggression in schizophrenia via the ENIGMA consortium

Erick Jorge Canales Rodriguez, Wenhao Jiang

Background Positive symptoms are a useful predictor of aggression in schizophrenia. Although a similar pattern of abnormal brain structures related to both positive symptoms and aggression has been reported, this observation has not yet been confirmed in a single sample. Method To study the association between positive symptoms and aggression in schizophrenia on a neurobiological level, a prospective meta-analytic approach was employed to analyze harmonized structural neuroimaging data from 10 research centers worldwide. We analyzed brain MRI scans from 902 individuals with a primary diagnosis of schizophrenia and 952 healthy controls. Results The result identified a widespread cortical thickness reduction in schizophrenia compared to their controls. Two separate meta-regression analyses revealed that a common pattern of reduced cortical gray matter thickness within the left lateral temporal lobe and right midcingulate cortex was significantly associated with both positive symptoms and aggression. Conclusion These findings suggested that positive symptoms such as formal thought disorder and auditory misperception, combined with cognitive impairments reflecting difficulties in deploying an adaptive control toward perceived threats, could escalate the likelihood of aggression in schizophrenia.

2020

Increased power by harmonizing structural MRI site differences with the ComBat batch method in ENIGMA

Erick Jorge Canales Rodriguez, Wenhao Jiang

2020