Phénoménologie (philosophie)

Résumé

La phénoménologie (du grec , « ce qui apparaît », et , « étude ») est un courant de pensée du fondé par Edmund Husserl dans l'optique de faire de la philosophie une discipline empirique. Elle tire son nom de sa démarche, qui est d'appréhender la réalité telle qu'elle se donne, à travers les phénomènes. Elle fait de la philosophie l'étude systématique et l'analyse de l’expérience vécue et de la conscience comme étant eux-mêmes des phénomènes de la pensée qui se pense elle-même et pense le monde. Cette école de philosophie s'attache à démontrer que le phénomène n'existe que s'il y a une conscience pour le percevoir. Toute conscience serait donc conscience de quelque chose, c'est l'idée d'intentionnalité de la conscience. La méthode phénoménologique veut démontrer qu'il existe une relation essentielle entre la conscience et le monde. La phénoménologie reprend les interrogations philosophiques sur le concept d'essence, et son approche pour les aborder est d'étudier l'expérience vécue,

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A9nom%C3%A9nologie_(philosophie)

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Asymptotic scale invariance and its consequences

Kengo Shimada

Scale invariance supplemented by the requirement of the absence of new heavy particles may play an important role in addressing the hierarchy problem. We discuss how the Standard Model may become scale invariant at the quantum level above a certain value of the Higgs field value without addition of new degrees of freedom and analyze phenomenological and cosmological consequences of this setup, in particular, possible metastability of the electroweak vacuum and Higgs inflation.

AMER PHYSICAL SOC2019

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Surfing the capillary wave: Wetting dynamics beneath an impacting drop

Ramin Kaviani, John Martin Kolinski

The initiation of contact between liquid and a dry solid is of great fundamental and practical importance. We experimentally probe the dynamics of wetting that occur when an impacting drop first contacts a dry surface. We show that, initially, wetting is mediated by the formation and growth of nanoscale liquid bridges, binding the liquid to the solid across a thin film of air. As the liquid bridge expands, air accumulates and deforms the liquid-air interface, and a capillary wave forms ahead of the advancing wetting front. This capillary wave regularizes the pressure at the advancing wetting front and explains the anomalously low wetting velocities observed. As the liquid viscosity increases, the wetting front velocity decreases; we propose a phenomenological scaling for the observed decrease of the wetting velocity with liquid viscosity.

AMER PHYSICAL SOC2019

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This thesis comes within the scope of tribology studies at the nanometer scale. The experimental techniques used in this work are essentially related to atomic force microscopy, which gives a direct access to the topography and forces of the studied systems. Two principal aspects of the nanotribology have kept our attention. They are the nanofriction and the nanomechanics. These two domains divide the thesis in two main parts that remain however intimately bound. The first experimental part of the thesis describes the friction of a nanoscopic tip sliding on hydrophilic surfaces. The dependence of the friction force on the sliding velocity is studied for various applied normal loads and surrounding relative humidity levels. We found a logarithmic dependence of the friction force on both the scanning velocity and the relative humidity. For the first time, a transition from a positive to a negative slope of the friction force versus the logarithm of the sliding velocity has been observed for the very same tip-surface contact, by varying the relative humidity. The role of the relative humidity on the friction force has then been studied more deeply, leading to a two-thirds power law dependence of the capillary force on the normal load. Finally, analytical expressions for the friction phenomenon and the capillary condensation between the asperities of the tip and the surface have been developed to explain the phenomenological behaviors. The second experimental part describes themechanics of carbon nanotubes and tobacco mosaic viruses. In order to stay in the linear elasticity regime, small indentation amplitudes have been applied in the radial direction of multiwalled carbon nanotubes adsorbed on a silicon oxide surface. Using a theory based on the Hertz model, the radial stiffness has been evaluated and compared to molecular dynamics simulations. We found a radial Young modulus strongly decreasing with increasing radius and reaching an asymptotic value of 30 ± 10 GPa. The tobacco mosaic viruses have been adsorbed on a polyimide porous membrane. Evidence for the softness of the viruses has been obtained by imaging the tubes with the atomic force microscope in non-contact mode. Viruses hanging like ropes over the pores of the surface served as basis to measure their bending Young modulus. Using a model of a clamped beam loaded by a discrete gradient of van der Waals forces, we found a bending Young modulus of 3.1 ± 0.1 MPa.

EPFL2007

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EPFL2007