Ambivalent prejudiceAmbivalent prejudice is a social psychological theory that states that, when people become aware that they have conflicting beliefs about an outgroup (a group of people that do not belong to an individual's own group), they experience an unpleasant mental feeling generally referred to as cognitive dissonance. These feelings are brought about because the individual on one hand believes in humanitarian virtues such as helping those in need, but on the other hand also believes in individualistic virtues such as working hard to improve one's life.
Benevolent prejudiceBenevolent prejudice is a superficially positive prejudice that is expressed in terms of positive beliefs and emotional responses, which are associated with hostile prejudices or result in keeping affected groups in inferior positions in society. Benevolent prejudice can be expressed towards those of different race, religion, ideology, country, sex, sexual orientation, or gender identity. Some of the earliest and most notable studies on benevolent prejudice were conducted by the researchers Susan Fiske and Peter Glick, with the primary focus of their research being the issue of sexism.
RacisationEn sociologie, la racisation est le processus par lequel certaines personnes sont assignées à une catégorie raciale (à comprendre comme une construction sociale, et non une réalité biologique). Certains auteurs français distinguent et . Alors que le mot race ne désignait jusqu'au milieu du que des groupes « descendants d'un même ancêtre ou d'une même famille », le racisme repose sur le postulat d'une division de l'espèce humaine en races bien distinctes et d'une hiérarchie entre elles.
Realistic conflict theoryRealistic conflict theory (RCT), also known as realistic group conflict theory (RGCT), is a social psychological model of intergroup conflict. The theory explains how intergroup hostility can arise as a result of conflicting goals and competition over limited resources, and it also offers an explanation for the feelings of prejudice and discrimination toward the outgroup that accompany the intergroup hostility. Groups may be in competition for a real or perceived scarcity of resources such as money, political power, military protection, or social status.
Reverse discriminationReverse discrimination is a term used to describe discrimination against members of a dominant or majority group, in favor of members of a minority or historically disadvantaged group. Groups may be defined in terms of ethnicity, gender identity, nationality, race, religion, sex, or sexual orientation. Affirmative action is a set of practices that attempts to promote diversity in areas such as employment, education, and leadership, typically by reserving some positions for people of traditionally disadvantaged groups.
Fillevignette|170px|La Jeune Bergère, par William Bouguereau, en 1885. Fille est un terme polysémique désignant un jeune être humain de sexe féminin n'ayant pas encore atteint le statut de femme, que ce statut résulte, selon les époques et les sociétés, de l'âge ou de l'état non-marital. Femme#Biologie Chez la fille, la puberté commence généralement entre pour durer environ trois ans. Pendant cette période, la taille de l'individu augmente d'environ par an, entre les et IV de l'échelle de Tanner.
Personnalité autoritairevignette|Armée sous l’influence nazie, saluant son chef Adolf Hitler par un salut nazi. La personnalité autoritaire est une théorie de psychologie sociale et de science politique. D'abord développée par l'École de Francfort, ainsi que le titre d'un ouvrage collectif publié en 1950 par l'American Jewish Committee sous la direction de Theodor W. Adorno, elle est reprise par des sociologues tels que Bob Altemeyer. Selon Theodor W.
Hostile prejudiceHostile prejudice is the outward expression of hate for people of a different race, religion, ideology, country, sex, sexual orientation, or gender identity. Anyone who goes against specific criteria of dress, cultural or moral beliefs, or religious or political ideologies are subject to hostile racism. This racism often leads to direct discrimination to anyone who does not fit the prejudiced person's idea of a "normal" person.
Colorisme (discrimination)Le colorisme est une forme de discrimination intra-communautaire qui se distingue du racisme, même s'il en est issu. C'est un traitement différentiel stéréotypé, souvent inégalitaire, des individus selon leurs peaux, les plus claires étant considérées comme , au détriment des carnations et teints foncés, ou encore selon la texture et couleur capillaire, la physionomie et l'apparence du visage. Alice Walker a popularisé ce concept en utilisant ce mot en 1983. Selon Toni Morrison, le colorisme ne touche pas que les .
Out-group homogeneityThe out-group homogeneity effect is the perception of out-group members as more similar to one another than are in-group members, e.g. "they are alike; we are diverse". Perceivers tend to have impressions about the diversity or variability of group members around those central tendencies or typical attributes of those group members. Thus, outgroup stereotypicality judgments are overestimated, supporting the view that out-group stereotypes are overgeneralizations.
