Hygiène des aliments | EPFL Graph Search

thumb|L'hygiène des ustensiles de cuisine est un premier pas (Chardin, La Fille de cuisine, vers 1736). L'hygiène des aliments comporte l'ensemble des pratiques visant à ce que les aliments mis sur le marché ne soient ni nocifs (préjudiciables à la santé) ni inacceptables pour la consommation en raison d'altérations par des micro-organismes sans caractère nocif. On dit par conséquent que l'hygiène a deux composantes, la sécurité et la salubrité. La sécurité des aliments est aussi appelée innocuité ou sécurité sanitaire des aliments. L'hygiène des aliments comprend un certain nombre de bonnes pratiques à suivre lors de manipulations des aliments dans le but de prévenir l'altération des aliments et les atteintes potentielles à la santé. En complément des bonnes pratiques d'hygiène, les industries alimentaires mettent en œuvre une approche méthodique pour la prévention des maladies infectieuses transmises par les aliments : le système HACCP (analyse des dangers et points critiques pour l

Is phytoremediation a sustainable and reliable approach to clean-up contaminated water and soil in Alpine areas?

Elena Comino, Jean-Paul Schwitzguebel

Background, aim and scope Phytoremediation does exploit natural plant physiological processes and can be used to decontaminate agricultural soils, industrial sites, brownfields, sediments and water containing inorganic and organic pollutants or to improve food chain safety by phytostabilisation of toxic elements. It is a low-cost and environment friendly technology targetting removal, degradation or immobilisation of contaminants. The aim of the present review is to highlight some recent advances in phytoremediation in the Alpine context.

Springer-Verlag2011

Bacterial Whole Cell Typing by Mass Spectra Pattern Matching with Bootstrapping Assessment

Hubert Girault, Yu Lin, Liang Qiao, Yi Yang

Bacterial typing is of great importance in clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, food safety analysis, and biological research. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is now widely used to analyze bacterial samples. Identification of bacteria at the species level can be realized by matching the mass spectra of samples against a library of mass spectra of known bacteria. Nevertheless, in order to reasonably type bacteria, identification accuracy should be further improved. Herein, we propose a new framework to the identification and assessment for MALDI-MS based bacterial analysis. Our approach combines new measures for spectra similarity and a novel bootstrapping assessment. We tested our approach on a general data set containing the mass spectra of 1741 strains of bacteria and another challenging data set containing 250 strains, including 40 strains in the Bacillus cereus group that were previously claimed to be impossible to resolve by MALDI-MS. With the bootstrapping assessment, we achieved much more reliable predictions at both the genus and species level, and enabled to resolve the Bacillus cereus group. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, our method is the first to provide a statistical assessment to MALDI-MS based bacterial typing that could lead to more reliable bacterial typing.

American Chemical Society2017

Characterization of Efficiency and Mechanisms of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Decontamination of Seeds for Sprout Production

Alexandra Waskow

The consumption of fresh fruit and vegetable products has strongly increased during the past few decades. However, inherent to all minimally processed products is the short shelf life, and the risk of foodborne diseases, which have been increasingly related to such products in many parts of the world. Because of the favorable conditions for the growth of bacteria during the germination of seeds, sprouts are a frequent source for pathogenic bacteria, thus highlighting the need for seed decontamination to reduce the risk of foodborne illness. Consequently, this study focused on cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAPP) treatment of artificially inoculated seeds in a diffuse coplanar surface barrier discharge to determine the inactivation efficiency for relevant foodborne pathogens and fungal spores. Plasma treatment of seeds resulted in a highly efficient reduction of microorganisms on the seed surface, while preserving the germination properties of seeds, at least for moderate treatment times. To characterize the mechanisms that contribute to microbial inactivation during plasma treatment, an experimental setup was developed to separate ultraviolet light (UV) and other plasma components. The combination of bacterial viability staining with confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to investigate the impact of ozone and other reactive species on the bacterial cells in comparison to UV. Further characterization of the effect of CAPP on bacterial cells by atomic force microscopy imaging of the same Escherichia coli cells before and after treatment revealed an increase in the surface roughness of treated E. coli cells and a decrease in the average height of the cells, which suggests physical damage to the cell envelope. In conclusion, CAPP shows potential for use as a decontamination technology in the production process of sprouts, which may contribute to food safety and prolonged shelf life of the product.

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA2018

Characterization of Efficiency and Mechanisms of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Decontamination of Seeds for Sprout Production

Alexandra Waskow

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA2018