Champ algébriqueIn mathematics, an algebraic stack is a vast generalization of algebraic spaces, or schemes, which are foundational for studying moduli theory. Many moduli spaces are constructed using techniques specific to algebraic stacks, such as Artin's representability theorem, which is used to construct the moduli space of pointed algebraic curves and the moduli stack of elliptic curves. Originally, they were introduced by Grothendieck to keep track of automorphisms on moduli spaces, a technique which allows for treating these moduli spaces as if their underlying schemes or algebraic spaces are smooth.
Concurrent validityConcurrent validity is a type of evidence that can be gathered to defend the use of a test for predicting other outcomes. It is a parameter used in sociology, psychology, and other psychometric or behavioral sciences. Concurrent validity is demonstrated when a test correlates well with a measure that has previously been validated. The two measures may be for the same construct, but more often used for different, but presumably related, constructs. The two measures in the study are taken at the same time.
Validité interneLa validité interne et la validité externe sont des concepts proposés par Donald Campbell dans les années 1950 pour estimer le degré de confiance que l'on peut avoir dans le résultat d'une expérience scientifique. Assurer une bonne validité interne, c'est concevoir, mettre en œuvre et exploiter une expérience de façon à « [limiter] autant que faire se peut les biais imputables aux instruments de collecte ou de traitement des données ».
Binary classificationBinary classification is the task of classifying the elements of a set into two groups (each called class) on the basis of a classification rule. Typical binary classification problems include: Medical testing to determine if a patient has certain disease or not; Quality control in industry, deciding whether a specification has been met; In information retrieval, deciding whether a page should be in the result set of a search or not. Binary classification is dichotomization applied to a practical situation.
Moduli stack of elliptic curvesIn mathematics, the moduli stack of elliptic curves, denoted as or , is an algebraic stack over classifying elliptic curves. Note that it is a special case of the moduli stack of algebraic curves . In particular its points with values in some field correspond to elliptic curves over the field, and more generally morphisms from a scheme to it correspond to elliptic curves over . The construction of this space spans over a century because of the various generalizations of elliptic curves as the field has developed.
Schéma (géométrie algébrique)En mathématiques, les schémas sont les objets de base de la géométrie algébrique, généralisant la notion de variété algébrique de plusieurs façons, telles que la prise en compte des multiplicités, l'unicité des points génériques et le fait d'autoriser des équations à coefficients dans un anneau commutatif quelconque.
Predictive validityIn psychometrics, predictive validity is the extent to which a score on a scale or test predicts scores on some criterion measure. For example, the validity of a cognitive test for job performance is the correlation between test scores and, for example, supervisor performance ratings. Such a cognitive test would have predictive validity if the observed correlation were statistically significant. Predictive validity shares similarities with concurrent validity in that both are generally measured as correlations between a test and some criterion measure.
Kappa de CohenEn statistique, la méthode du κ (kappa) mesure l’accord entre observateurs lors d'un codage qualitatif en catégories. L'article introduisant le κ a pour auteur Jacob Cohen – d'où sa désignation de κ de Cohen – et est paru dans le journal Educational and Psychological Measurement en 1960. Le κ est une mesure d'accord entre deux codeurs seulement. Pour une mesure de l'accord entre plus de deux codeurs, on utilise le κ de Fleiss (1981). Le calcul du κ se fait de la manière suivante : où Pr(a) est la proportion de l'accord entre codeurs et Pr(e) la probabilité d'un accord aléatoire.
Perception des visagesLa perception des visages désigne le processus cognitif par lequel le cerveau analyse une pour y détecter et identifier un visage. La perception des visages fait appel à une aire cérébrale spécialisée, spécificité du genre humain. Le rôle fondamental que tient le visage dans la communication verbale et non verbale est à l'origine d'une faculté très développée chez l'être humain et les autres primates qui consiste à pouvoir identifier très rapidement un visage dans son environnement et être capable d'en reconnaître l'identité particulière parmi plusieurs centaines d'autres.
Derived schemeIn algebraic geometry, a derived scheme is a pair consisting of a topological space X and a sheaf either of simplicial commutative rings or of commutative ring spectra on X such that (1) the pair is a scheme and (2) is a quasi-coherent -module. The notion gives a homotopy-theoretic generalization of a scheme. A derived stack is a stacky generalization of a derived scheme. Over a field of characteristic zero, the theory is closely related to that of a differential graded scheme.
