Algorithmic efficiencyIn computer science, algorithmic efficiency is a property of an algorithm which relates to the amount of computational resources used by the algorithm. An algorithm must be analyzed to determine its resource usage, and the efficiency of an algorithm can be measured based on the usage of different resources. Algorithmic efficiency can be thought of as analogous to engineering productivity for a repeating or continuous process. For maximum efficiency it is desirable to minimize resource usage.
Computational economicsComputational Economics is an interdisciplinary research discipline that involves computer science, economics, and management science. This subject encompasses computational modeling of economic systems. Some of these areas are unique, while others established areas of economics by allowing robust data analytics and solutions of problems that would be arduous to research without computers and associated numerical methods.
Port parallèleLe port parallèle est un connecteur situé à l'arrière des ordinateurs compatibles PC reposant sur la communication parallèle. Il est associé à l'interface parallèle Centronics. La communication parallèle a été conçue pour une imprimante imprimant du texte, caractère par caractère. Les imprimantes graphiques (pouvant imprimer des images) ont ensuite continué à utiliser ce système pour profiter de l'interface parallèle normalisée. Le port parallèle est à l'origine unidirectionnel.
Computational engineeringComputational Engineering is an emerging discipline that deals with the development and application of computational models for engineering, known as Computational Engineering Models or CEM. At this time, various different approaches are summarized under the term Computational Engineering, including using computational geometry and virtual design for engineering tasks, often coupled with a simulation-driven approach In Computational Engineering, algorithms solve mathematical and logical models that describe engineering challenges, sometimes coupled with some aspect of AI, specifically Reinforcement Learning.
Polynôme irréductibleIn mathematics, an irreducible polynomial is, roughly speaking, a polynomial that cannot be factored into the product of two non-constant polynomials. The property of irreducibility depends on the nature of the coefficients that are accepted for the possible factors, that is, the field to which the coefficients of the polynomial and its possible factors are supposed to belong. For example, the polynomial x2 − 2 is a polynomial with integer coefficients, but, as every integer is also a real number, it is also a polynomial with real coefficients.
Hardware virtualizationHardware virtualization is the virtualization of computers as complete hardware platforms, certain logical abstractions of their componentry, or only the functionality required to run various operating systems. Virtualization hides the physical characteristics of a computing platform from the users, presenting instead an abstract computing platform. At its origins, the software that controlled virtualization was called a "control program", but the terms "hypervisor" or "virtual machine monitor" became preferred over time.
Polynôme de BernsteinLes polynômes de Bernstein, nommés ainsi en l'honneur du mathématicien russe Sergueï Bernstein (1880-1968), permettent de donner une démonstration constructive et probabilistedu théorème d'approximation de Weierstrass. Ils sont également utilisés dans la formulation générale des courbes de Bézier. Pour un degré m ≥ 0, il y a m + 1 polynômes de Bernstein B, ..., B définis, sur l'intervalle [0 ; 1], par où les sont les coefficients binomiaux. Les m + 1 polynômes de Bernstein forment une base de l'espace vectoriel des polynômes de degré au plus m.
Transmission parallèleLa transmission parallèle consiste à transmettre des éléments d'information sur plusieurs voies simultanément. Elle s'oppose à la transmission série où les informations doivent être découpées avant d'être envoyées (car il y a moins de lignes de communication disponibles que de bits nécessaires pour transmettre l'information). À grande distance, la multiplicité des conducteurs nécessaires pour la transmission parallèle lui a fait préférer dès l'origine la transmission série dans des télécommunications.
Prévision numérique du tempsLa prévision numérique du temps (PNT) est une application de la météorologie et de l'informatique. Elle repose sur le choix d'équations mathématiques offrant une proche approximation du comportement de l'atmosphère réelle. Ces équations sont ensuite résolues, à l'aide d'un ordinateur, pour obtenir une simulation accélérée des états futurs de l'atmosphère. Le logiciel mettant en œuvre cette simulation est appelé un modèle de prévision numérique du temps.
Factorization of polynomials over finite fieldsIn mathematics and computer algebra the factorization of a polynomial consists of decomposing it into a product of irreducible factors. This decomposition is theoretically possible and is unique for polynomials with coefficients in any field, but rather strong restrictions on the field of the coefficients are needed to allow the computation of the factorization by means of an algorithm. In practice, algorithms have been designed only for polynomials with coefficients in a finite field, in the field of rationals or in a finitely generated field extension of one of them.
