Équation du mouvementL'équation du mouvement est une équation mathématique décrivant le mouvement d'un objet physique. En général, l'équation du mouvement comprend l'accélération de l’objet en fonction de sa position, de sa vitesse, de sa masse et de toutes variables affectant l'une de celles-ci. Cette équation est surtout utilisée en mécanique classique et est normalement représentée sous la forme de coordonnées sphériques, coordonnées cylindriques ou coordonnées cartésiennes et respecte les lois du mouvement de Newton.
Absolute differenceThe absolute difference of two real numbers and is given by , the absolute value of their difference. It describes the distance on the real line between the points corresponding to and . It is a special case of the Lp distance for all and is the standard metric used for both the set of rational numbers and their completion, the set of real numbers . As with any metric, the metric properties hold: since absolute value is always non-negative. if and only if . (symmetry or commutativity).
Orientation (vector space)The orientation of a real vector space or simply orientation of a vector space is the arbitrary choice of which ordered bases are "positively" oriented and which are "negatively" oriented. In the three-dimensional Euclidean space, right-handed bases are typically declared to be positively oriented, but the choice is arbitrary, as they may also be assigned a negative orientation. A vector space with an orientation selected is called an oriented vector space, while one not having an orientation selected, is called .
Weighted medianIn statistics, a weighted median of a sample is the 50% weighted percentile. It was first proposed by F. Y. Edgeworth in 1888. Like the median, it is useful as an estimator of central tendency, robust against outliers. It allows for non-uniform statistical weights related to, e.g., varying precision measurements in the sample. For distinct ordered elements with positive weights such that , the weighted median is the element satisfying and Consider a set of elements in which two of the elements satisfy the general case.
Diagramme quantile-quantilethumb|upright=1.5|Diagramme Q-Q destiné à comparer une loi de distribution préalablement centrée et réduite avec une loi normale En statistiques, le diagramme Quantile-Quantile ou diagramme Q-Q ou Q-Q plot est un outil graphique permettant d'évaluer la pertinence de l'ajustement d'une distribution donnée à un modèle théorique. Le terme de quantile-quantile provient du fait que l'on compare la position de certains quantiles dans la population observée avec leur position dans la population théorique.
Tour (angle)One turn (symbol tr or pla) is a unit of plane angle measurement equal to 2π radians, 360 degrees or 400 gradians. Thus it is the angular measure subtended by a complete circle at its center. Subdivisions of a turn include half-turns and quarter-turns, spanning a semicircle and a right angle, respectively; metric prefixes can also be used as in, e.g., centiturns (ctr), milliturns (mtr), etc. As an angular unit, one turn also corresponds to one cycle (symbol cyc or c) or to one revolution (symbol rev or r).
