Mémoire (psychologie)thumb|350px|Les formes et fonctions de la mémoire en sciences. En psychologie, la mémoire est la faculté de l'esprit d'enregistrer, conserver et rappeler les expériences passées. Son investigation est réalisée par différentes disciplines : psychologie cognitive, neuropsychologie, et psychanalyse. thumb|Pyramide des cinq systèmes de mémoire. Le courant cognitiviste classique regroupe habituellement sous le terme de mémoire les processus dencodage, de stockage et de récupération des représentations mentales.
Hippocampe (cerveau)thumb|Situation de l'hippocampe en profondeur dans le cerveau humain280px|thumb|Hippocampe en vue 3D. L'hippocampe est une structure du télencéphale des mammifères. Il appartient notamment au système limbique et joue un rôle central dans la mémoire et la navigation spatiale. Chez l'Homme et les autres primates, il se situe dans le lobe temporal médian, sous la surface du cortex, au-dessus de la cinquième circonvolution (replis du cortex) temporale T.
Epigenetics in learning and memoryWhile the cellular and molecular mechanisms of learning and memory have long been a central focus of neuroscience, it is only in recent years that attention has turned to the epigenetic mechanisms behind the dynamic changes in gene transcription responsible for memory formation and maintenance. Epigenetic gene regulation often involves the physical marking (chemical modification) of DNA or associated proteins to cause or allow long-lasting changes in gene activity.
Emotion and memoryEmotion can have a powerful effect on humans and animals. Numerous studies have shown that the most vivid autobiographical memories tend to be of emotional events, which are likely to be recalled more often and with more clarity and detail than neutral events. The activity of emotionally enhanced memory retention can be linked to human evolution; during early development, responsive behavior to environmental events would have progressed as a process of trial and error.
Mémoire épisodiqueEn psychologie cognitive, la mémoire épisodique désigne le processus par lequel l'humain se souvient des événements vécus avec leur contexte (date, lieu, état émotionnel). Cette sous-partie de la mémoire à long terme est différente de la mémoire sémantique qui est la mémoire des faits et des concepts. Cette distinction fut proposée par le psychologue canadien Endel Tulving en 1972. La mémoire épisodique est particulière et possède un ensemble de caractéristiques qui sont importantes car elles contribuent à construire l'histoire personnelle d'un individu.
Memory consolidationMemory consolidation is a category of processes that stabilize a memory trace after its initial acquisition. A memory trace is a change in the nervous system caused by memorizing something. Consolidation is distinguished into two specific processes. The first, synaptic consolidation, which is thought to correspond to late-phase long-term potentiation, occurs on a small scale in the synaptic connections and neural circuits within the first few hours after learning.
Lobe temporalvignette|droite|Animation tridimensionnelle du cerveau humain montrant le lobe temporal gauche en rouge à l'intérieur d'un crâne rendu transparent. L'hémisphère cérébral droit n'est pas montré afin de mieux mettre en valeur le gauche. Le lobe temporal est une région du cerveau des vertébrés située derrière l'os temporal (l'os situé derrière les tempes), dans la partie latérale et inférieure du cerveau. Chez l'Homme, c'est une zone importante pour de nombreuses fonctions cognitives, dont l'audition, le langage, la mémoire et la vision des formes complexes.
Autobiographical memoryAutobiographical memory (AM) is a memory system consisting of episodes recollected from an individual's life, based on a combination of episodic (personal experiences and specific objects, people and events experienced at particular time and place) and semantic (general knowledge and facts about the world) memory. It is thus a type of explicit memory. Conway and Pleydell-Pearce (2000) proposed that autobiographical memory is constructed within a self-memory system (SMS), a conceptual model composed of an autobiographical knowledge base and the working self.
Context-dependent memoryIn psychology, context-dependent memory is the improved recall of specific episodes or information when the context present at encoding and retrieval are the same. In a simpler manner, "when events are represented in memory, contextual information is stored along with memory targets; the context can therefore cue memories containing that contextual information". One particularly common example of context-dependence at work occurs when an individual has lost an item (e.g. lost car keys) in an unknown location.
Explicit memoryExplicit memory (or declarative memory) is one of the two main types of long-term human memory, the other of which is implicit memory. Explicit memory is the conscious, intentional recollection of factual information, previous experiences, and concepts. This type of memory is dependent upon three processes: acquisition, consolidation, and retrieval. Explicit memory can be divided into two categories: episodic memory, which stores specific personal experiences, and semantic memory, which stores factual information.
