Decision intelligenceDecision intelligence is an engineering discipline that augments data science with theory from social science, decision theory, and managerial science. Its application provides a framework for best practices in organizational decision-making and processes for applying machine learning at scale. The basic idea is that decisions are based on our understanding of how actions lead to outcomes. Decision intelligence is a discipline for analyzing this chain of cause and effect, and decision modeling is a visual language for representing these chains.
Gentzen's consistency proofGentzen's consistency proof is a result of proof theory in mathematical logic, published by Gerhard Gentzen in 1936. It shows that the Peano axioms of first-order arithmetic do not contain a contradiction (i.e. are "consistent"), as long as a certain other system used in the proof does not contain any contradictions either. This other system, today called "primitive recursive arithmetic with the additional principle of quantifier-free transfinite induction up to the ordinal ε0", is neither weaker nor stronger than the system of Peano axioms.
Automated decision-makingAutomated decision-making (ADM) involves the use of data, machines and algorithms to make decisions in a range of contexts, including public administration, business, health, education, law, employment, transport, media and entertainment, with varying degrees of human oversight or intervention. ADM involves large-scale data from a range of sources, such as databases, text, social media, sensors, images or speech, that is processed using various technologies including computer software, algorithms, machine learning, natural language processing, artificial intelligence, augmented intelligence and robotics.
Ville durableVille durable, éco-ville ou ville verte, sont des expressions qui désignent une ville ou une unité urbaine respectant les principes du développement durable et de l'urbanisme écologique, qui vise à prendre en compte simultanément les enjeux sociaux, économiques, environnementaux et culturels de l'urbanisme pour et avec les habitants. Il s'agit par exemple de mettre en œuvre une architecture HQE, en facilitant les modes de travail et de transport sobres ou en développant l'efficience du point de vue de la consommation d'énergies et des ressources naturelles et renouvelables.
Littérature griseLittérature grise, terme générique, désigne les documents produits par l’administration, l’industrie, l’enseignement supérieur et la recherche, les services, les ONG, les associations, etc., qui n’entrent pas dans les circuits habituels d’édition et de distribution. L'origine de la littérature grise remonte au début du , d’abord aux États-Unis et en Grande Bretagne. La pratique connut un essor après la Seconde Guerre mondiale avec la création de l’Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) qui développa ce type de document de communication scientifique.
Sustainable consumptionSustainable consumption (sometimes abbreviated to "SC") is the use of products and services in ways that minimizes impacts on the environment. Sustainable consumption is done in a way that needs are met for present humans but also for future generations. Sustainable consumption is often paralleled with sustainable production; consumption refers to use and disposal (or recycling) not just by individuals and households, but also by governments, businesses, and other organizations.
Scientific literatureScientific literature comprises academic papers that report original empirical and theoretical work in the natural and social sciences. Within a field of research, relevant papers are often referred to as "the literature". Academic publishing is the process of contributing the results of one's research into the literature, which often requires a peer-review process. Original scientific research published for the first time in scientific journals is called the primary literature.
Théorie complèteEn logique mathématique, une théorie complète est une théorie qui est équivalente à un ensemble maximal cohérent de propositions ; ceci signifie qu'elle est cohérente et que toute extension propre ne l'est plus. Pour des théories logiques qui contiennent la logique propositionnelle classique, ceci équivaut à la condition que pour toute proposition φ du langage de la théorie, soit elle contient φ, soit elle contient sa négation ¬φ.
Decision analysisDecision analysis (DA) is the discipline comprising the philosophy, methodology, and professional practice necessary to address important decisions in a formal manner. Decision analysis includes many procedures, methods, and tools for identifying, clearly representing, and formally assessing important aspects of a decision; for prescribing a recommended course of action by applying the maximum expected-utility axiom to a well-formed representation of the decision; and for translating the formal representation of a decision and its corresponding recommendation into insight for the decision maker, and other corporate and non-corporate stakeholders.
Decision support systemA decision support system (DSS) is an information system that supports business or organizational decision-making activities. DSSs serve the management, operations and planning levels of an organization (usually mid and higher management) and help people make decisions about problems that may be rapidly changing and not easily specified in advance—i.e. unstructured and semi-structured decision problems. Decision support systems can be either fully computerized or human-powered, or a combination of both.
