Threshold theoremIn quantum computing, the threshold theorem (or quantum fault-tolerance theorem) states that a quantum computer with a physical error rate below a certain threshold can, through application of quantum error correction schemes, suppress the logical error rate to arbitrarily low levels. This shows that quantum computers can be made fault-tolerant, as an analogue to von Neumann's threshold theorem for classical computation.
Linear optical quantum computingLinear optical quantum computing or linear optics quantum computation (LOQC) is a paradigm of quantum computation, allowing (under certain conditions, described below) universal quantum computation. LOQC uses photons as information carriers, mainly uses linear optical elements, or optical instruments (including reciprocal mirrors and waveplates) to process quantum information, and uses photon detectors and quantum memories to detect and store quantum information.
Boson samplingBoson sampling is a restricted model of non-universal quantum computation introduced by Scott Aaronson and Alex Arkhipov after the original work of Lidror Troyansky and Naftali Tishby, that explored possible usage of boson scattering to evaluate expectation values of permanents of matrices. The model consists of sampling from the probability distribution of identical bosons scattered by a linear interferometer.
Quantum programmingQuantum programming is the process of designing or assembling sequences of instructions, called quantum circuits, using gates, switches, and operators to manipulate a quantum system for a desired outcome or results of a given experiment. Quantum circuit algorithms can be implemented on integrated circuits, conducted with instrumentation, or written in a programming language for use with a quantum computer or a quantum processor. With quantum processor based systems, quantum programming languages help express quantum algorithms using high-level constructs.
Performance engineeringPerformance engineering encompasses the techniques applied during a systems development life cycle to ensure the non-functional requirements for performance (such as throughput, latency, or memory usage) will be met. It may be alternatively referred to as systems performance engineering within systems engineering, and software performance engineering or application performance engineering within software engineering.
Active-pixel sensorAn active-pixel sensor (APS) is an , which was invented by Peter J.W. Noble in 1968, where each pixel sensor unit cell has a photodetector (typically a pinned photodiode) and one or more active transistors. In a metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) active-pixel sensor, MOS field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) are used as amplifiers. There are different types of APS, including the early NMOS APS and the now much more common complementary MOS (CMOS) APS, also known as the CMOS sensor.
Performances (informatique)En informatique, les performances énoncent les indications chiffrées mesurant les possibilités maximales ou optimales d'un matériel, d'un logiciel, d'un système ou d'un procédé technique pour exécuter une tâche donnée. Selon le contexte, les performances incluent les mesures suivantes : Un faible temps de réponse pour effectuer une tâche donnée Un débit élevé (vitesse d'exécution d'une tâche) L'efficience : faible utilisation des ressources informatiques : processeur, mémoire, stockage, réseau, consommation électrique, etc.
Intégration à très grande échelleL'intégration à très grande échelle (ou VLSI pour Very-Large-Scale Integration en anglais) est une technologie de circuit intégré (CI) dont la densité d'intégration permet de supporter plus de 100 000 composants électroniques sur une même puce. Elle a été réalisée pour la première fois dans les années 1980, dans le cadre du développement des technologies des semi-conducteurs et des communications. Les premières puces à semi-conducteurs supportaient un seul transistor chacune.
Conception assistée par ordinateur pour l'électroniqueLa CAO électronique (pour Conception assistée par ordinateur électronique), nommée également en anglais EDA (pour Electronic design automation), est la catégorie des outils servant à la conception et la production des systèmes électroniques allant des circuits imprimés jusqu'aux circuits intégrés. Le terme CAO est aussi utilisé pour désigner la CAO mécanique, la conception assistée par ordinateur et la fabrication assistée par ordinateur en électronique et en électrotechnique.
Design rule checkingIn electronic design automation, a design rule is a geometric constraint imposed on circuit board, semiconductor device, and integrated circuit (IC) designers to ensure their designs function properly, reliably, and can be produced with acceptable yield. Design rules for production are developed by process engineers based on the capability of their processes to realize design intent. Electronic design automation is used extensively to ensure that designers do not violate design rules; a process called design rule checking (DRC).
