Emergency power systemAn emergency power system is an independent source of electrical power that supports important electrical systems on loss of normal power supply. A standby power system may include a standby generator, batteries and other apparatus. Emergency power systems are installed to protect life and property from the consequences of loss of primary electric power supply. It is a type of continual power system. They find uses in a wide variety of settings from homes to hospitals, scientific laboratories, data centers, telecommunication equipment and ships.
Génération (sciences sociales)vignette|redresse|Rupture entre les générations (Oran, Algérie, 2015). La génération est un concept en sciences sociales utilisé en démographie pour désigner une sous-population dont les membres, ayant à peu près le même âge ou ayant vécu à la même époque historique, partagent un certain nombre de pratiques et de représentations du fait de ce même âge ou de cette même appartenance à une époque.
Environmental impact of electricity generationElectric power systems consist of generation plants of different energy sources, transmission networks, and distribution lines. Each of these components can have environmental impacts at multiple stages of their development and use including in their construction, during the generation of electricity, and in their decommissioning and disposal. These impacts can be split into operational impacts (fuel sourcing, global atmospheric and localized pollution) and construction impacts (manufacturing, installation, decommissioning, and disposal).
Réserve fédérale des États-UnisLa Réserve fédérale (officiellement Federal Reserve System, souvent raccourci en Federal Reserve ou Fed) est la banque centrale des États-Unis. Elle est créée en , durant les fêtes, par le Federal Reserve Act dit aussi Owen-Glass Act, à la suite de plusieurs crises bancaires, dont la panique bancaire américaine de 1907. Son rôle évolue depuis et elle renforce son indépendance lors de l'instabilité monétaire des années 1975 et 1985.
Génération XLa génération X désigne, selon la classification de William Strauss et Neil Howe, le groupe des Occidentaux nés entre 1965 et 1976. D'autres spécialistes la définissent par la période 1961-1981 ou 1962-1971 (compromis entre les définitions d'Olazabal, 2009 ; Hamel, 2003 et 2009 ; Allain, 2008 ; Foot, 1999 et Coupland, 1991). Cette génération est intercalée entre celle des Babyboomeurs et la génération Y. L'expression « génération X » a d’abord été utilisée en démographie, puis en sociologie et en marketing.
Variable renewable energyVariable renewable energy (VRE) or intermittent renewable energy sources (IRES) are renewable energy sources that are not dispatchable due to their fluctuating nature, such as wind power and solar power, as opposed to controllable renewable energy sources, such as dammed hydroelectricity or biomass, or relatively constant sources, such as geothermal power. The use of small amounts of intermittent power has little effect on grid operations. Using larger amounts of intermittent power may require upgrades or even a redesign of the grid infrastructure.
Génération Zvignette|Jeunes manifestants en faveur d'une loi sur le climat, Paris, 9 mai 2021 La génération Z est la génération des personnes nées entre et (bien que les délimitations varient selon les définitions). Elle succède à la génération Y et précède la génération Alpha. Elle est définie comme une génération née alors que les communications numériques étaient déjà bien installées dans la société.
Stochastic controlStochastic control or stochastic optimal control is a sub field of control theory that deals with the existence of uncertainty either in observations or in the noise that drives the evolution of the system. The system designer assumes, in a Bayesian probability-driven fashion, that random noise with known probability distribution affects the evolution and observation of the state variables. Stochastic control aims to design the time path of the controlled variables that performs the desired control task with minimum cost, somehow defined, despite the presence of this noise.
Grid-tied electrical systemA grid-tied electrical system, also called tied to grid or grid tie system, is a semi-autonomous electrical generation or grid energy storage system which links to the mains to feed excess capacity back to the local mains electrical grid. When insufficient electricity is available, electricity drawn from the mains grid can make up the shortfall. Conversely when excess electricity is available, it is sent to the main grid.
Power engineeringPower engineering, also called power systems engineering, is a subfield of electrical engineering that deals with the generation, transmission, distribution, and utilization of electric power, and the electrical apparatus connected to such systems. Although much of the field is concerned with the problems of three-phase AC power – the standard for large-scale power transmission and distribution across the modern world – a significant fraction of the field is concerned with the conversion between AC and DC power and the development of specialized power systems such as those used in aircraft or for electric railway networks.
