Patient-reported outcomeA patient-reported outcome (PRO) is a health outcome directly reported by the patient who experienced it. It stands in contrast to an outcome reported by someone else, such as a physician-reported outcome, a nurse-reported outcome, and so on. PRO methods, such as questionnaires, are used in clinical trials or other clinical settings, to help better understand a treatment's efficacy or effectiveness. The use of digitized PROs, or electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs), is on the rise in today's health research setting.
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition diseaseCalcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystal deposition disease, also known as pseudogout and pyrophosphate arthropathy, is a rheumatologic disease which is thought to be secondary to abnormal accumulation of calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals within joint soft tissues. The knee joint is most commonly affected. The disease is metabolic in origin and its treatment remains symptomatic. CPPD has also been classified as an Autoimmune Paraneoplastic Manifestation of Myelodysplastic Syndrome.
Protocol (science)In natural and social science research, a protocol is most commonly a predefined procedural method in the design and implementation of an experiment. Protocols are written whenever it is desirable to standardize a laboratory method to ensure successful replication of results by others in the same laboratory or by other laboratories. Additionally, and by extension, protocols have the advantage of facilitating the assessment of experimental results through peer review.
ArthroplastieReplacement arthroplasty (from Greek arthron, joint, limb, articulate, + plassein, to form, mould, forge, feign, make an image of), or joint replacement surgery, is a procedure of orthopedic surgery in which an arthritic or dysfunctional joint surface is replaced with an orthopedic prosthesis. Joint replacement is considered as a treatment when severe joint pain or dysfunction is not alleviated by less-invasive therapies. It is a form of arthroplasty, and is often indicated from various joint diseases, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
OrthoticsOrthotics (Ορθός) is a medical specialty that focuses on the design and application of orthoses, or braces. An is "an externally applied device used to influence the structural and functional characteristics of the neuromuscular and skeletal systems." Orthotists are professionals who specialize in designing these braces. Orthotic devices are classified into four areas of the body according to the international classification system (ICS): orthotics of the lower extremities, orthotics of the upper extremities, orthotics for the trunk, and orthotics for the head.
Allure (équitation)Les allures sont, en équitation, les différentes façons que le cheval a de se déplacer. Il existe des allures naturelles, que le cheval pratique lorsqu’il est en liberté, et des allures artificielles qui peuvent lui être inculquées par le biais du dressage. Certaines races de chevaux possèdent naturellement des allures supplémentaires et sont connues sous le nom de chevaux d'allures ou chevaux de marche.
Trouble de la marchevignette|Patient marchant à l'aide d'une canne pendant la convalescence après une arthroplastie totale du genou. Les troubles de la marche sont des perturbations qui affectent la marche de diverses manières, par exemple des difficultés à se tenir debout, à conserver son équilibre, à avancer, à marcher droit. Les causes sont très diverses, car la marche verticale, qui est le propre de l’homme, met en œuvre des mécanismes complexes.
Équilibre statique (physiologie)Chez l'humain, l'équilibre statique dépend des réactions d’équilibre et des réactions de protection, et implique une interaction complexe entre les systèmes vestibulaire, proprioceptif, visuel et moteur. Dans le développement de l’enfant, l’acquisition de cette habileté favorise l’émergence de la station debout et d’autres habiletés motrices de haut niveau. On parle d’équilibre dynamique lorsqu’il s’agit de maintenir son équilibre en étant en mouvement alors que l’équilibre statique consiste à maintenir son équilibre tout en restant immobile.
Interrogation (linguistique)En linguistique, l'interrogation est un acte de langage par laquelle l'émetteur d'un énoncé adresse au destinataire (réel ou fictif) de celui-ci une demande d'information portant sur son contenu. Une phrase interrogative est couramment appelée « question ». L'interrogation totale concerne la phrase entière et appelle une réponse totale, comme « oui », « non », « sûrement »... Une telle question totale porte en fait très souvent sur un élément partiel, mis en relief par divers moyens ou non : ex.
Yes–no questionIn linguistics, a yes–no question, also known as a binary question, a polar question, or a general question, is a question whose expected answer is one of two choices, one that provides an affirmative answer to the question versus one that provides a negative answer to the question. Typically, in English, the choices are either "yes" or "no". Yes–no questions present an exclusive disjunction, namely a pair of alternatives of which only one is a felicitous answer.
