Électrophorèse sur gelalt=Appareil à électrophorèse sur gel d'agarose|vignette|Appareil pour électrophorèse d'ADN en gel d'agarose. Le gel est horizontal baigne dans le tampon qui remplit la cuve. L'ADN est déposé dans des puits à une extrémité du gel. L'alimentation en arrière-plan fournit la tension électrique continue qui permet la migration des fragments d'ADN dans le gel. L'électrophorèse sur gel est une variante de l'électrophorèse de zones.
Inkjet printingInkjet printing is a type of computer printing that recreates a by propelling droplets of ink onto paper and plastic substrates. Inkjet printers were the most commonly used type of printer in 2008, and range from small inexpensive consumer models to expensive professional machines. By 2019, laser printers outsold inkjet printers by nearly a 2:1 ratio, 9.6% vs 5.1% of all computer peripherals.As of 2023, sublimation printers have outsold inkjet printers by nearly a 2:1 ratio, accounting for 9.
Ultrashort pulseIn optics, an ultrashort pulse, also known as an ultrafast event, is an electromagnetic pulse whose time duration is of the order of a picosecond (10−12 second) or less. Such pulses have a broadband optical spectrum, and can be created by mode-locked oscillators. Amplification of ultrashort pulses almost always requires the technique of chirped pulse amplification, in order to avoid damage to the gain medium of the amplifier. They are characterized by a high peak intensity (or more correctly, irradiance) that usually leads to nonlinear interactions in various materials, including air.
CavitationLa cavitation (du latin la, « trou ») est la naissance et l'oscillation radiale de bulles de gaz ou de vapeur dans un liquide soumis à une dépression. Si cette dépression est suffisamment élevée, la pression peut devenir inférieure à la pression de vapeur saturante, et une bulle de vapeur est susceptible de se former. La dépression peut avoir pour origine : l'écoulement du fluide ; une onde acoustique entraînant des variations de la densité du liquide ; une onde lumineuse entraînant des variations de la densité du liquide.
Robot-assisted surgeryRobot-assisted surgery or robotic surgery are any types of surgical procedures that are performed using robotic systems. Robotically assisted surgery was developed to try to overcome the limitations of pre-existing minimally-invasive surgical procedures and to enhance the capabilities of surgeons performing open surgery. In the case of robotically assisted minimally-invasive surgery, instead of the surgeon directly moving the instruments, the surgeon uses one of two methods to perform dissection, hemostasis and resection, using a direct telemanipulator, or through computer control.
Valve actuatorA valve actuator is the mechanism for opening and closing a valve. Manually operated valves require someone in attendance to adjust them using a direct or geared mechanism attached to the valve stem. Power-operated actuators, using gas pressure, hydraulic pressure or electricity, allow a valve to be adjusted remotely, or allow rapid operation of large valves. Power-operated valve actuators may be the final elements of an automatic control loop which automatically regulates some flow, level or other process.
Jet (écoulement)vignette|Un monument d'Israël L'écoulement de jet appartient à la classe des écoulements cisaillés libres. Cet écoulement intervient dans de nombreux processus naturels et de nombreuses applications parmi lesquelles on trouve : la propulsion aéronautique, la propulsion aérospatiale, l'injection de carburant, le refroidissement, le mélange, procédés de découpe (découpage jet d'eau), le contrôle d'écoulements...
Impression numériquevignette|Imprimante numérique de format large Limpression numérique est une technique de reproduction permettant d'imprimer des documents directement depuis des données informatiques. C’est un procédé de plus en plus populaire de nos jours, pour les nombreux avantages qu’il possède. Les procédés d'impression numérique sont une forme contemporaine de l'imprimerie. La presse typographique, créée par Johannes Gutenberg au milieu du pour révolutionner l'imprimerie en Europe, se réinvente à la Révolution industrielle au , avec l'invention de la linotype.
Jet fuelJet fuel or aviation turbine fuel (ATF, also abbreviated avtur) is a type of aviation fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines. It is colorless to straw-colored in appearance. The most commonly used fuels for commercial aviation are Jet A and Jet A-1, which are produced to a standardized international specification. The only other jet fuel commonly used in civilian turbine-engine powered aviation is Jet B, which is used for its enhanced cold-weather performance.
Médicament topiqueA topical medication is a medication that is applied to a particular place on or in the body. Most often topical medication means application to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes to treat ailments via a large range of classes including creams, foams, gels, lotions, and ointments. Many topical medications are epicutaneous, meaning that they are applied directly to the skin.