Polyèdre semi-réguliervignette|Le cuboctaèdre, un des 13 solides d'Archimède. Un polyèdre est dit semi-régulier si ses faces sont des polygones réguliers, et si son groupe de symétrie est transitif sur ses sommets. Ou au moins, c'est ce qui découle de la définition de 1900 de Gosset sur le polytope semi-régulier le plus général. Ces polyèdres incluent : Les treize solides d'Archimède. La série infinie des prismes convexes. La série infinie des antiprismes convexes (leur nature semi-régulière fut observée en premier par Kepler).
Matrice d'une application linéaireEn algèbre linéaire, la matrice d'une application linéaire est une matrice de scalaires qui permet de représenter une application linéaire entre deux espaces vectoriels de dimensions finies, étant donné le choix d'une base pour chacun d'eux. Soient : E et F deux espaces vectoriels sur un corps commutatif K, de dimensions respectives n et m ; B = (e, ... , e) une base de E, C une base de F ; φ une application de E dans F.
ZonoèdreUn zonoèdre est un polyèdre convexe où chaque face est un polygone ayant un centre de symétrie. Tout zonoèdre peut être décrit de manière équivalente comme la somme de Minkowski d'un ensemble de segments de droite dans un espace tridimensionnel, ou comme la projection tridimensionnelle d'un hypercube. Les zonoèdres ont été définis à l'origine et étudiés par Evgraf Fedorov, un cristallographe russe. La motivation originale pour l'étude des zonoèdres réside dans le fait que le diagramme de Voronoï d'un réseau quelconque forme un dans lequel les cellules sont des zonoèdres.
Steinitz's theoremIn polyhedral combinatorics, a branch of mathematics, Steinitz's theorem is a characterization of the undirected graphs formed by the edges and vertices of three-dimensional convex polyhedra: they are exactly the 3-vertex-connected planar graphs. That is, every convex polyhedron forms a 3-connected planar graph, and every 3-connected planar graph can be represented as the graph of a convex polyhedron. For this reason, the 3-connected planar graphs are also known as polyhedral graphs.
Final stellation of the icosahedronIn geometry, the complete or final stellation of the icosahedron is the outermost stellation of the icosahedron, and is "complete" and "final" because it includes all of the cells in the icosahedron's stellation diagram. That is, every three intersecting face planes of the icosahedral core intersect either on a vertex of this polyhedron, or inside of it. This polyhedron is the seventeenth stellation of the icosahedron, and given as Wenninger model index 42.
Integral polytopeIn geometry and polyhedral combinatorics, an integral polytope is a convex polytope whose vertices all have integer Cartesian coordinates. That is, it is a polytope that equals the convex hull of its integer points. Integral polytopes are also called lattice polytopes or Z-polytopes. The special cases of two- and three-dimensional integral polytopes may be called polygons or polyhedra instead of polytopes, respectively. An -dimensional regular simplex can be represented as an integer polytope in , the convex hull of the integer points for which one coordinate is one and the rest are zero.
Canonical formIn mathematics and computer science, a canonical, normal, or standard form of a mathematical object is a standard way of presenting that object as a mathematical expression. Often, it is one which provides the simplest representation of an object and allows it to be identified in a unique way. The distinction between "canonical" and "normal" forms varies from subfield to subfield. In most fields, a canonical form specifies a unique representation for every object, while a normal form simply specifies its form, without the requirement of uniqueness.
Graphe de HeawoodEn théorie des graphes, le graphe de Heawood est un graphe cubique symétrique possédant 14 sommets et 21 arêtes. Il doit son nom à Percy John Heawood, un mathématicien britannique né en 1861 et mort en 1955. Le graphe de Heawood est une (3,6)-cage, c'est-à-dire un graphe minimal en nombres de sommets ayant une maille de 6 et étant cubique. En fait, il s'agit de l'unique (3,6)-cage et sa taille coïncide avec la borne de Moore, une borne inférieure sur le nombre de sommets que peut avoir une cage.
Hereditarily finite setIn mathematics and set theory, hereditarily finite sets are defined as finite sets whose elements are all hereditarily finite sets. In other words, the set itself is finite, and all of its elements are finite sets, recursively all the way down to the empty set. A recursive definition of well-founded hereditarily finite sets is as follows: Base case: The empty set is a hereditarily finite set. Recursion rule: If a1,...,ak are hereditarily finite, then so is {a1,...,ak}.
Polyhedral combinatoricsPolyhedral combinatorics is a branch of mathematics, within combinatorics and discrete geometry, that studies the problems of counting and describing the faces of convex polyhedra and higher-dimensional convex polytopes. Research in polyhedral combinatorics falls into two distinct areas. Mathematicians in this area study the combinatorics of polytopes; for instance, they seek inequalities that describe the relations between the numbers of vertices, edges, and faces of higher dimensions in arbitrary polytopes or in certain important subclasses of polytopes, and study other combinatorial properties of polytopes such as their connectivity and diameter (number of steps needed to reach any vertex from any other vertex).
