Résidu (statistiques)In statistics and optimization, errors and residuals are two closely related and easily confused measures of the deviation of an observed value of an element of a statistical sample from its "true value" (not necessarily observable). The error of an observation is the deviation of the observed value from the true value of a quantity of interest (for example, a population mean). The residual is the difference between the observed value and the estimated value of the quantity of interest (for example, a sample mean).
Space–time codeA space–time code (STC) is a method employed to improve the reliability of data transmission in wireless communication systems using multiple transmit antennas. STCs rely on transmitting multiple, redundant copies of a data stream to the receiver in the hope that at least some of them may survive the physical path between transmission and reception in a good enough state to allow reliable decoding. Space time codes may be split into two main types: Space–time trellis codes (STTCs) distribute a trellis code over multiple antennas and multiple time-slots and provide both coding gain and diversity gain.
Racine de l'erreur quadratique moyenneLa racine de l'erreur quadratique moyenne (REQM) ou racine de l'écart quadratique moyen (en anglais, root-mean-square error ou RMSE, et root-mean-square deviation ou RMSD) est une mesure fréquemment utilisée des différences entre les valeurs (valeurs d'échantillon ou de population) prédites par un modèle ou estimateur et les valeurs observées (ou vraies valeurs). La REQM représente la racine carrée du deuxième moment d'échantillonnage des différences entre les valeurs prédites et les valeurs observées.
Mean squared prediction errorIn statistics the mean squared prediction error (MSPE), also known as mean squared error of the predictions, of a smoothing, curve fitting, or regression procedure is the expected value of the squared prediction errors (PE), the square difference between the fitted values implied by the predictive function and the values of the (unobservable) true value g. It is an inverse measure of the explanatory power of and can be used in the process of cross-validation of an estimated model.
Pearson correlation coefficientIn statistics, the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) is a correlation coefficient that measures linear correlation between two sets of data. It is the ratio between the covariance of two variables and the product of their standard deviations; thus, it is essentially a normalized measurement of the covariance, such that the result always has a value between −1 and 1. As with covariance itself, the measure can only reflect a linear correlation of variables, and ignores many other types of relationships or correlations.
Space–time block codeSpace–time block coding is a technique used in wireless communications to transmit multiple copies of a data stream across a number of antennas and to exploit the various received versions of the data to improve the reliability of data transfer. The fact that the transmitted signal must traverse a potentially difficult environment with scattering, reflection, refraction and so on and may then be further corrupted by thermal noise in the receiver means that some of the received copies of the data may be closer to the original signal than others.
AutocorrélationL'autocorrélation est un outil mathématique souvent utilisé en traitement du signal. C'est la corrélation croisée d'un signal par lui-même. L'autocorrélation permet de détecter des régularités, des profils répétés dans un signal comme un signal périodique perturbé par beaucoup de bruit, ou bien une fréquence fondamentale d'un signal qui ne contient pas effectivement cette fondamentale, mais l'implique avec plusieurs de ses harmoniques. Note : La confusion est souvent faite entre l'auto-covariance et l'auto-corrélation.
Smart antennaSmart antennas (also known as adaptive array antennas, digital antenna arrays, multiple antennas and, recently, MIMO) are antenna arrays with smart signal processing algorithms used to identify spatial signal signatures such as the direction of arrival (DOA) of the signal, and use them to calculate beamforming vectors which are used to track and locate the antenna beam on the mobile/target. Smart antennas should not be confused with reconfigurable antennas, which have similar capabilities but are single element antennas and not antenna arrays.
Méthode des moindres carrésLa méthode des moindres carrés, indépendamment élaborée par Legendre et Gauss au début du , permet de comparer des données expérimentales, généralement entachées d’erreurs de mesure, à un modèle mathématique censé décrire ces données. Ce modèle peut prendre diverses formes. Il peut s’agir de lois de conservation que les quantités mesurées doivent respecter. La méthode des moindres carrés permet alors de minimiser l’impact des erreurs expérimentales en « ajoutant de l’information » dans le processus de mesure.
Intraclass correlationIn statistics, the intraclass correlation, or the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), is a descriptive statistic that can be used when quantitative measurements are made on units that are organized into groups. It describes how strongly units in the same group resemble each other. While it is viewed as a type of correlation, unlike most other correlation measures, it operates on data structured as groups rather than data structured as paired observations.
