Colligative Properties, Solutions Properties 4

This lecture covers colligative properties of solutions, including osmotic pressure, lowering of freezing temperature, and raising of boiling point. It explains the chemical potential in mixtures, Raoult's law, and the effects of solute concentration on vapor pressure. The concept of osmotic pressure and its relation to colligative molar concentration are also discussed, along with practical applications in biology such as isotonic solutions and antifreeze proteins.