Fish locomotion

Summary

Fish locomotion is the various types of animal locomotion used by fish, principally by swimming. This is achieved in different groups of fish by a variety of mechanisms of propulsion, most often by wave-like lateral flexions of the fish's body and tail in the water, and in various specialised fish by motions of the fins. The major forms of locomotion in fish are:

Anguilliform, in which a wave passes evenly along a long slender body;
Sub-carangiform, in which the wave increases quickly in amplitude towards the tail;
Carangiform, in which the wave is concentrated near the tail, which oscillates rapidly;
Thunniform, rapid swimming with a large powerful crescent-shaped tail; and
Ostraciiform, with almost no oscillation except of the tail fin. More specialized fish include movement by pectoral fins with a mainly stiff body, opposed sculling with dorsal and anal fins, as in the sunfish; and movement by propagating a wave along the long fins with a motionless body, as in the knif

Official source

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fish_locomotion

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Legged robot locomotion based on free vibration

Nitesh Maheshwari

Behavioral performances of our legged robots are still far behind those of biological systems. Energy efficiency and locomotion velocity of our robots, for example, are orders of magnitude lower than those of animals, and in order to fill the gap, it requires a radically new approach in the design and control processes. From this perspective, we have been exploring a novel approach to design and control of legged robots which makes use of free vibration of elastic curved beams. We found that this approach not only simplifies the design and manufacturing processes of locomotion robots, but also substantially improves their energy efficiency, which is comparable to those of animals. In this paper, we explain the novelty and principles of this approach through the four representative case studies that we have been exploring, and discuss challenges and perspectives toward the future. © 2012 IEEE.

2012

Challenges in the Locomotion of Self-Reconfigurable Modular Robots

Massimo Vespignani

Self-Reconfigurable Modular Robots (SRMRs) are assemblies of autonomous robotic units, referred to as modules, joined together using active connection mechanisms. By changing the connectivity of these modules, SRMRs are able to deliberately change their own shape in order to adapt to new environmental circumstances. One of the main motivations for the development of SRMRs is that conventional robots are limited in their capabilities by their morphology. The promise of the field of self-reconfigurable modular robotics is to design robots that are robust, self-healing, versatile, multi-purpose, and inexpensive. Despite significant efforts by numerous research groups worldwide, the potential advantages of SRMRs have yet to be realized. A high number of degrees of freedom and connectors make SRMRs more versatile, but also more complex both in terms of mechanical design and control algorithms. Scalability issues affect these robots in terms of hardware, low-level control, and high-level planning. In this thesis we identify and target three major challenges: (i) Hardware design; (ii) Planning and control; and, (iii) Application challenges. To tackle the hardware challenges we redesigned and manufactured the Self-Reconfigurable Modular Robot Roombots to meet desired requirements and characteristics. We explored in detail and improved two major mechanical components of an SRMR: the actuation and the connection mechanisms. We also analyzed the use of compliant extensions to increase locomotion performance in terms of locomotion speed and power consumption. We contributed to the control challenge by developing new methods that allow an arbitrary SRMR structure to learn to locomote in an efficient way. We defined a novel bio-inspired locomotion-learning framework that allows the quick and reliable optimization of new gaits after a morphological change due to self-reconfiguration or human construction. In order to find new suitable application scenarios for SRMRs we envision the use of Roombots modules to create Self-Reconfigurable Robotic Furniture. As a first step towards this vision, we explored the use and control of Plug-n-Play Robotic Elements that can augment existing pieces of furniture and create new functionalities in a household to improve quality of life.

EPFL2015

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In this work we provide hands-on experience on designing and testing a self-reconfiguring modular robotic system, Roombots (RB), to be used among others for adaptive furniture. In the long term, we envision that RB can be used to create sets of furniture, like stools, chairs and tables that can move in their environment and that change shape and functionality during the day. In this article, we present the first results towards that long term vision. We demonstrate locomotion and reconfiguration of single and metamodule RB over 3D surfaces, in a structured environment equipped with embedded connection ports. RB assemblies can move around in non-structured environments, by using rotational or wheel-like locomotion. We show a proof of concept for transferring a Roombots metamodule back into the structured grid, by aligning it in an entrapment mechanism. Finally, we analyze remaining challenges to master the full Roombots scenario, and discuss the impact on future Roombots hardware.

Elsevier2014

Challenges in the Locomotion of Self-Reconfigurable Modular Robots

Massimo Vespignani

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