Rayleigh wave

Rayleigh waves are a type of surface acoustic wave that travel along the surface of solids. They can be produced in materials in many ways, such as by a localized impact or by piezo-electric transduction, and are frequently used in non-destructive testing for detecting defects. Rayleigh waves are part of the seismic waves that are produced on the Earth by earthquakes. When guided in layers they are referred to as Lamb waves, Rayleigh–Lamb waves, or generalized Rayleigh waves. Characteristics Rayleigh waves are a type of surface wave that travel near the surface of solids. Rayleigh waves include both longitudinal and transverse motions that decrease exponentially in amplitude as distance from the surface increases. There is a phase difference between these component motions. The existence of Rayleigh waves was predicted in 1885 by Lord Rayleigh, after whom they were named. In isotropic solids these waves cause the surface particles to move in ell

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Energy Transmission through Grain-to-grain Contacts: the Role of Bulk and Rayleigh Waves

Emil Shaykhilislamov, Alessandro Spadoni, Bart Van Damme

The physical mechanism of elastic wave propagation through granular solids is investigated. Based on the symmetry of a one dimensional chain of spheres, spherical surface waves are considered to be responsible for the energy transport. A simple mathematical model is set up to describe the energy exchange during consequent granule-to-granule interactions. Experiments on a two-sphere setup support this model.

Amer Inst Physics2013

The role of Rayleigh Waves in Granular Solids

Alessandro Spadoni, Bart Van Damme

Wave propagation in granular solids is found to have at least two regimes: a low-frequency ballistic signal and a high-frequency diffusive tail. The latter is attributed to granules clapping or elastic waves within the granules themselves. The low frequency front is traditionally attributed to the rigid-body motion of particles and their interactions via quasi-static contact forces. We present results obtained with experimental and numerical models indicating that the low-frequency ballistic wavefront is itself the result of surface waves in the granules. We find surface waves to be the principal mechanism of energy transmission.

Amer Inst Physics2013

Crack front waves: A 3D dynamic response to a local perturbation of tensile and shear cracks

Fabian Barras, Fatima-Ezzahra Fekak, Jean-François Molinari, Damien Spielmann

Crack front waves are long-lived perturbations propagating along the crack front. They are triggered by heterogeneities on the crack plane, as for instance tough asperities, which disturb the crack front shape. Crack front waves are thought to leave a trace on fracture surfaces, and are important elements for post mortem analysis. This paper presents a numerical analysis of crack front waves for tensile and shear cracks in the subsonic regime. The elastodynamics calculations are conducted with a boundary integral method. They reveal that the propagation velocity of these waves is independent of the fracture mode. Moreover, using a Lorentz transformation, we demonstrate that their speed is constant within the crack front moving frame, with a value slightly lower than the Rayleigh wave speed. Finally, we shed a new light on how, in response to the interaction with an asperity of prescribed size and toughness contrast, these waves select a localized perturbation in the velocity profile of characteristic shape, width and amplitude. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD2020

Earthquake

An earthquake (also known as a quake, tremor or temblor) is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves.

Surface wave

In physics, a surface wave is a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media. A common example is gravity waves along the surface of liquids, such as ocean waves. Gr

Seismic wave

A seismic wave is a mechanical wave of acoustic energy that travels through the Earth or another planetary body. It can result from an earthquake (or generally, a quake), volcanic eruption, magma