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Steel frame is a building technique with a "skeleton frame" of vertical steel columns and horizontal I-beams, constructed in a rectangular grid to support the floors, roof and walls of a building which are all attached to the frame. The development of this technique made the construction of the skyscraper possible. Concept The rolled steel "profile" or cross section of steel columns takes the shape of the letter "". The two wide flanges of a column are thicker and wider than the flanges on a beam, to better withstand compressive stress in the structure. Square and round tubular sections of steel can also be used, often filled with concrete. Steel beams are connected to the columns with bolts and threaded fasteners, and historically connected by rivets. The central "web" of the steel I-beam is often wider than a column web to resist the higher bending moments that occur in beams. Wide sheets of steel deck can be used to cover the top of the steel frame as a "form" or corru

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Utilization of wavelet-based damage-sensitive features for structural damage assessment of steel braced frames

Seong-Hoon Hwang, Dimitrios Lignos

Rapid structural damage assessment methodologies for engineered facilities are essential in order to properly allocate and ensure efficient use of emergency rescue forces, minimize business interruption and perform effective repairs in damaged infrastructure in the aftermath of an earthquake. This paper assesses the efficiency of a recently developed “nonmodelbased” damage-sensitive feature based on wavelet analysis that can be used as a structural damage indicator in steel concentrically braced frames. The implementation of the wavelet-based damagesensitive feature for structural damage detection is validated through the utilization of large-scale shake table tests of a single-story concentrically braced frame tested at E-Defense in Japan. The wavelet-based damage sensitive feature is further assessed through the utilization of numerical simulations of a multi-story concentrically braced frame. It is shown that key engineering demand parameters such as peak story drift ratios, peak floor absolute accelerations and residual story drift ratios are well correlated with the wavelet-based damage-sensitive feature.

EMPA2017

Earthquake-Induced Collapse Risk and Loss Assessment of Steel Concentrically Braced Frames

Seong-Hoon Hwang, Dimitrios Lignos

This paper quantifies the collapse risk and earthquake-induced losses for a wide range of archetype buildings with special concentrically braced frames (SCBFs). The collapse risk and expected economic losses associated with repair, demolition and collapse are computed based on a performance-based earthquake engineering framework developed within the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center. It is shown that the collapse risk of the steel SCBF archetypes may be significantly overestimated when the influence of the gravity framing system on the lateral frame strength and stiffness is ignored. It is also found that the building-specific earthquake loss assessment is significantly overestimated at low probability of occurrence seismic events (i.e., 2% probability of occurrence in 50 years) when the gravity framing system is not modeled explicitly as part of the nonlinear building model. For frequent and design-basis seismic events (i.e., 50 and 10% probability of exceedance over 50 years of building life expectancy), acceleration-sensitive nonstructural component repairs govern the building losses regardless of the employed nonlinear building model representation. For the same seismic events, steel brace flexural buckling contributes to structural repair losses.

2018

Earthquake-Induced Collapse Risk and Loss Assessment of Steel Concentrically Braced Frames

Seong-Hoon Hwang, Dimitrios Lignos

2018

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