Electron microscope

An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of electrons as a source of illumination. They use electron optics that are analogous to the glass lenses of an optical light microscope. As the wavelength of an electron can be up to 100,000 times shorter than that of visible light, electron microscopes have a higher resolution of about 0.1 nm, which compares to about 200 nm for light microscopes. Electron microscope may refer to: *Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) where swift electrons go through a thin sample *Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is similar to TEM with a scanned electron probe *Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is similar the STEM, but with thick samples *Electron microprobe similar to a SEM, but more for chemical analysis *Ultrafast scanning electron microscopy, version of SEM that can operate very fast *Low-energy electron microscopy (LEEM), used to image surfaces *Photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) is similar to LEEM using electro

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Low-Dose Prostate Cancer Brachytherapy with Radioactive Palladium-Gold Nanoparticles

Marc-André Fortin

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of death among men. Low-dose brachytherapy is an increasingly used treatment for PCa, which requires the implantation of tens of radioactive seeds. This treatment causes discomfort; these implants cannot be removed, and they generate image artifacts. In this study, the authors report on intratumoral injections of radioactive gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) as an alternative to seeds. The particles (Pd-103:Pd@Au-PEG and Pd-103:Pd@Au-198:Au-PEG; 10-14 nm Pd@Au core, 36-48 nm hydrodynamic diameter) are synthesized by a one-pot process and characterized by electron microscopy. Administrated as low volume (2-4 mu L) single doses (1.6-1.7 mCi), the particles are strongly retained in PCa xenograft tumors, impacting on their growth rate. After 4 weeks, a tumor volume inhibition of 56% and of 75%, compared to the controls, is observed for Pd-103:Pd@Au-PEG NPs and Pd-103:Pd@Au-198: Au-PEG NPs, respectively. Skin necrosis is observed with Au-198; therefore, Au NPs labeled with Pd-103 only are a more advisable choice. Overall, this is the first study confirming the impact of Pd-103@Au NPs on tumor growth. This new brachytherapy procedure could allow tunable doses of radioactivity, administered with smaller needles than with the current technologies, and leading to fewer image artifacts.

Wiley2017

Construction and operation of a milli-Kelvin spectroscopic imaging STM for the study of correlated electron materials

Seyedmostafa Enayat

EPFL2014

Multi-Modal Optical Imaging of the Cerebellum in Animals

Graham Knott, Ludovico Silvestri

Thanks to their flexibility, optical techniques could be the key to explore anatomy, plasticity, and functionality of the cerebellum. As an example, an in vivo analysis of the dynamic remodeling of cerebellar axons by nonlinear microscopy can provide fundamental insights of the mechanism that promotes neuronal regeneration. Several studies showed that damaged climbing fibers are capable of regrowing also in adult animals. The investigation of the time-lapse dynamics of degeneration and regeneration of these axons within their complex environment can be performed by time-lapse two-photon fluorescence (TPF) imaging in vivo. Here, we show that single axonal branches can be dissected by laser axotomy, thus avoiding collateral damage to the adjacent dendrite and the formation of a persistent glial scar. Despite the very small denervated area, the injured axons consistently reshaped the connectivity with surrounding neurons and sprouted new branches through the intact surroundings. Correlative light and electron microscopy revealed that the sprouted branch contains large numbers of vesicles, with varicosities in the close vicinity of Purkinje dendrites. By using an RNA interference approach, we found that downregulating GAP-43 causes a significant increase in the turnover of presynaptic boutons and hampers the generation of reactive sprouts. Further, we report how nonlinear microscopy in combination with novel voltage sensitive dyes or transgenic mice allow optical registrations of action potential across a population of neurons opening promising prospective in understanding brain functionality. Finally, we describe novel implementations of light-sheet microscopy to resolve neuronal anatomy in whole cerebellum with cellular resolution. The understanding gained from these complementary optical methods may provide a deeper comprehension of the cerebellum.

Springer2016

MSE-352: Introduction to microscopy + Laboratory work

Ce cours d'introduction à la microscopie a pour but de donner un apperçu des différentes techniques d'analyse de la microstructure et de la composition des matériaux, en particulier celles liées aux microscopies électronique et optique. Le cours comprend des cours ainsi que des démonstrations.

PHYS-405: Experimental methods in physics

The course's objectivs are: Learning several advenced methods in experimental physics, and critical reading of experimental papers.

MICRO-530: Nanotechnology

This course gives the basics for understanding nanotechnology from an engineer's perspective: physical background, materials aspects and scaling laws, fabrication and imaging of nanoscale devices.

Transmission electron microscopy

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a microscopy technique in which a beam of electrons is transmitted through a specimen to form an image. The specimen is most often an ultrathin section les

Scanning electron microscope

A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons. The electrons interact with atoms

Protein

Proteins are large biomolecules and macromolecules that comprise one or more long chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast array of functions within organisms, including catalysing met