Insulin Receptor Activation: Signaling Mechanisms

This lecture covers the activation of the insulin receptor, detailing how insulin binding moves the receptor subunits together, leading to the addition of phosphoryl groups and activation of downstream signaling pathways. It also explains the role of adaptor domains, phosphotyrosine SH2 domain structure, and the PI3 kinase in the insulin signaling cascade. Furthermore, it discusses the termination of insulin signaling through phosphatases. The second part of the lecture focuses on cytokine receptor signaling, including the dimerization and phosphorylation of activation loop tyrosines, as well as the downstream pathways involving transcriptional activation and protein modifications. The lecture concludes with the deactivation mechanisms of JAK2 induced by SHP1 phosphatase and signal blocking by SOCS proteins.