Homomorphism

Résumé

In algebra, a homomorphism is a structure-preserving map between two algebraic structures of the same type (such as two groups, two rings, or two vector spaces). The word homomorphism comes from the Ancient Greek language: ὁμός () meaning "same" and μορφή () meaning "form" or "shape". However, the word was apparently introduced to mathematics due to a (mis)translation of German ähnlich meaning "similar" to ὁμός meaning "same". The term "homomorphism" appeared as early as 1892, when it was attributed to the German mathematician Felix Klein (1849–1925). Homomorphisms of vector spaces are also called linear maps, and their study is the subject of linear algebra. The concept of homomorphism has been generalized, under the name of morphism, to many other structures that either do not have an underlying set, or are not algebraic. This generalization is the starting point of . A homomorphism may also be an isomorphism, an endomorphism, an automorphism, etc. (see below). Each of those can

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homomorphism

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Convolution Operators And Homomorphisms Of Locally Compact Groups

Let 1 < p < infinity, let G and H be locally compact groups and let c) be a continuous homomorphism of G into H. We prove, if G is amenable, the existence of a linear contraction of the Banach algebra CVp (G) of the p-convolution operators on G into CVp (H) which extends the usual definition of the image of a bounded measure by omega. We also discuss the uniqueness of this linear contraction onto important subalgebras of CVp(G). Even if G and H are abelian, we obtain new results. Let G(d) denote the group G provided with a discrete topology. As a corollary, we obtain, for every discrete measure, vertical bar parallel to mu vertical bar parallel to CVp(G)

Cambridge University Press2008

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Variants of Homomorphism Polynomials Complete for Algebraic Complexity Classes

Aditya Vardhan Varre

We present polynomial families complete for the well-studied algebraic complexity classes VF, VBP, VP, and VNP. The polynomial families are based on the homomorphism polynomials studied in the recent works of Durand et al. (2014) and Mahajan et al. (2018). We consider three different variants of graph homomorphisms, namely injective homomorphisms, directed homomorphisms, and injective directed homomorphisms, and obtain polynomial families complete for VF, VBP, VP, and VNP under each one of these. The polynomial families have the following properties: The polynomial families complete for VF, VBP, and VP are model independent, i.e., they do not use a particular instance of a formula, algebraic branching programs, or circuit for characterising VF, VBP, or VP, respectively. All the polynomial families are hard under p-projections.

ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY2021

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In the first part of this paper, we propose a uniform interpretation of characteristic classes as obstructions to the reduction of the structure group and to the existence of an equivariant extension of a certain homomorphism defined a priori only on a single fiber of the bundle. Afterwards, we define a family of invariants of principal bundles that detect the number of group reductions that a principal bundle admits. We prove that they fit into a long exact sequence of abelian groups, together with the cohomology of the base space and the cohomology of the classifying space of the structure group.

SPRINGER HEIDELBERG2019

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