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Groupe unitaire
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Lie theory
In mathematics, the mathematician Sophus Lie (liː ) initiated lines of study involving integration of differential equations, transformation groups, and contact of spheres that have come to be called Lie theory. For instance, the latter subject is Lie sphere geometry. This article addresses his approach to transformation groups, which is one of the areas of mathematics, and was worked out by Wilhelm Killing and Élie Cartan. The foundation of Lie theory is the exponential map relating Lie algebras to Lie groups which is called the Lie group–Lie algebra correspondence.
Skew-Hermitian matrix
NOTOC In linear algebra, a square matrix with complex entries is said to be skew-Hermitian or anti-Hermitian if its conjugate transpose is the negative of the original matrix. That is, the matrix is skew-Hermitian if it satisfies the relation where denotes the conjugate transpose of the matrix . In component form, this means that for all indices and , where is the element in the -th row and -th column of , and the overline denotes complex conjugation.
Sous-groupe compact maximal
En mathématiques, un sous-groupe compact maximal K d'un groupe topologique G est un sous-groupe K qui est un espace compact, dans la topologie du sous-espace, et maximal parmi ces sous-groupes. Les sous-groupes compacts maximaux jouent un rôle important dans la classification des groupes de Lie et en particulier des groupes de Lie semi-simples. Les sous-groupes compacts maximaux de groupes Lie ne sont pas en général unique, mais sont unique à conjugaison près - ils sont essentiellement uniques.
Tore maximal
En mathématiques, un tore maximal d'un groupe de Lie G est un sous-groupe de Lie commutatif, connexe et compact de G qui soit maximal pour ces propriétés. Les tores maximaux de G sont uniques à conjugaison près. De manière équivalente, c'est un de G, isomorphe à un tore, et maximal pour cette propriété. Le quotient du normalisateur N(T) d'un tore T par T est le groupe de Weyl associé. Tout groupe de Lie commutatif connexe est isomorphe à un quotient de Rn par un sous-réseau, donc à un tore Tn.
Hermitian manifold
In mathematics, and more specifically in differential geometry, a Hermitian manifold is the complex analogue of a Riemannian manifold. More precisely, a Hermitian manifold is a complex manifold with a smoothly varying Hermitian inner product on each (holomorphic) tangent space. One can also define a Hermitian manifold as a real manifold with a Riemannian metric that preserves a complex structure. A complex structure is essentially an almost complex structure with an integrability condition, and this condition yields a unitary structure (U(n) structure) on the manifold.
Bott periodicity theorem
In mathematics, the Bott periodicity theorem describes a periodicity in the homotopy groups of classical groups, discovered by , which proved to be of foundational significance for much further research, in particular in K-theory of stable complex vector bundles, as well as the stable homotopy groups of spheres. Bott periodicity can be formulated in numerous ways, with the periodicity in question always appearing as a period-2 phenomenon, with respect to dimension, for the theory associated to the unitary group.