In topology and related areas of mathematics, a metrizable space is a topological space that is homeomorphic to a metric space. That is, a topological space is said to be metrizable if there is a metric such that the topology induced by is Metrization theorems are theorems that give sufficient conditions for a topological space to be metrizable.
Metrizable spaces inherit all topological properties from metric spaces. For example, they are Hausdorff paracompact spaces (and hence normal and Tychonoff) and first-countable. However, some properties of the metric, such as completeness, cannot be said to be inherited. This is also true of other structures linked to the metric. A metrizable uniform space, for example, may have a different set of contraction maps than a metric space to which it is homeomorphic.
One of the first widely recognized metrization theorems was . This states that every Hausdorff second-countable regular space is metrizable. So, for example, every second-countable manifold is metrizable. (Historical note: The form of the theorem shown here was in fact proved by Tikhonov in 1926. What Urysohn had shown, in a paper published posthumously in 1925, was that every second-countable normal Hausdorff space is metrizable). The converse does not hold: there exist metric spaces that are not second countable, for example, an uncountable set endowed with the discrete metric. The Nagata–Smirnov metrization theorem, described below, provides a more specific theorem where the converse does hold.
Several other metrization theorems follow as simple corollaries to Urysohn's theorem. For example, a compact Hausdorff space is metrizable if and only if it is second-countable.
Urysohn's Theorem can be restated as: A topological space is separable and metrizable if and only if it is regular, Hausdorff and second-countable. The Nagata–Smirnov metrization theorem extends this to the non-separable case. It states that a topological space is metrizable if and only if it is regular, Hausdorff and has a σ-locally finite base.
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En mathématiques, et plus particulièrement en géométrie, la notion de variété peut être appréhendée intuitivement comme la généralisation de la classification qui établit qu'une courbe est une variété de dimension 1 et une surface est une variété de dimension 2. Une variété de dimension n, où n désigne un entier naturel, est un espace topologique localement euclidien, c'est-à-dire dans lequel tout point appartient à une région qui s'apparente à un tel espace.
En mathématiques et plus particulièrement en topologie, un espace métrique est un ensemble au sein duquel une notion de distance entre les éléments de l'ensemble est définie. Les éléments seront, en général, appelés des points. Tout espace métrique est canoniquement muni d'une topologie. Les espaces métrisables sont les espaces topologiques obtenus de cette manière. L'exemple correspondant le plus à notre expérience intuitive de l'espace est l'espace euclidien à trois dimensions.
vignette|Un espace topologique séparé X est dit normal lorsque, pour tous fermés disjoints E et F de X, il existe des ouverts disjoints U et V tels que U contienne E et V, F. En mathématiques, un espace normal est un espace topologique vérifiant un axiome de séparation plus fort que la condition usuelle d'être un espace séparé. Cette définition est à la base de résultats comme le lemme d'Urysohn ou le théorème de prolongement de Tietze. Tout espace métrisable est normal. Soit X un espace topologique.
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