Marché obligataire | EPFL Graph Search

Le marché obligataire est le marché sur lequel les entreprises ainsi que les États se financent, les investisseurs y déterminant les rendements obligataires. Histoire Genèse du marché obligataire Le rôle historique des marchés obligataires était d'abaisser le coût de la dette royale, sans forcément y parvenir à leurs débuts. Henri II à Lyon a lancé en 1555, le premier marché obligataire, qui visait à offrir une liquidité au Grand Parti de Lyon, un emprunt de deux millions d'écus sur 11 ans, à intérêt de 16 %, « taux très supérieur aux précédents », de 12 % en moyenne. Les trois-quarts de l'emprunt sont d'anciens crédits, rassemblés et refondus. Jusque-là, le déficit royal était comblé par des emprunts à trois mois, renouvelés à l'échéance. Marché obligataire moderne La crise de 1866 a été aggravée par l'imprévisible victoire prussienne à la Bataille de Sadowa, qui renverse complètement la tendance sur les marchés obligataires : ils repartent très for

Are green bonds priced lower than their conventional peers?

Yue Wu

The green bond market's rapid growth has alerted issuers and investors to this sustainable area of investment. This study ascertains whether green bonds are priced lower than conventional bonds-whether a negative green bond premium exists in both Chinese and global bond markets-and the driving forces behind any such green bond premium. First, an event study is set up to observe stock market's reaction upon issuance of green bonds to test whether green bonds are embedded with additional value by improving the issuer's equity market performance. Then, using the matching method and a two-layer regression process, the study estimates the green bond premium in the Chinese and global markets, respectively, and analyses factors affecting the green bond premium. The event study reveals that green bond issuance could reduce the issuer's equity return performance. The regression models found no significant negative green bond premium in either Chinese or global markets, indicating that green bonds are not priced significantly lower than conventional bonds. However, global market models show that issuing green bonds in CNY could reduce the green bond premium, unlike in USD or EUR.

ELSEVIER2022

IT Investment and its impacts

Shameem Hasan

This thesis empirically explored the impacts of IT investment on three different scenarios under the common denominator / threads of IT investments. It comprises three different essays on the impacts of IT investments. IT investments and its impact on many aspects of the firms are well known - like performance / productivity, output, market value etc. But I looked into areas that were not explored before and examined events that didnât take place after the advent and integration of Information Technology â like the past financial crisis. The main contribution of my dissertation is to examine how IT investments helps in the debt market, how it helps firms fare comparatively better during crisis period and how CEO characteristics influence the well-established existing link between IT investment and Innovation intensity. The first essay examines the effect of IT investment on the cost of bank loan for firms. We argue that IT affects the decision of banks through three mechanisms: wealth effect, risk effect, and information effect. First, IT investment serves as a signal for higher future revenue and lower operational costs, thus greater future cash flows. Second, on one hand, IT may be able to reduce the risk of being locked out to competition or adverse situations; on the other hand, IT investment itself can bring risk to business. Last, the use of IT can lead to better information quality and thus reduce the information asymmetry between firms and banks. Using a sample of 270 firms between the year of 1991 and 2006, we find that IT investment is associated with lower interest rate from banks. More important, we find the strength of this relationship is contingent upon the role of IT in the industry and time period. In my second essay, the goal was to investigate whether IT investment contributed to better or worse performance during the financial crisis of 2007-2009. We took the available data for U.S. public companies (the final sample comprises 570 companies) and traced IT investments made in the years prior to the crisis period, we checked the impact of IT investments on the annual stock returns and relative changes in return (as well as for book values). After controlling for relevant risk and other independent variables during the 2007-2009 periods, we found evidence that indicates that although most of the firms suffered during the crisis period, expenditure in IT was significantly associated with relatively better performance for sample firms during the crisis period. The third essay brings in the role of CEO to examine whether CEOâs characteristics affects the already established link between IT investments and Innovation activities. We constructed data from multiple sources; we also developed empirical model to test our hypothesis and ran a series of regression tests. We find that CEOâs managerial ability and risk-taking incentive (determined by compensation scheme) are complements for IT investment. Thus for CEOs with lower ability and/or lower risk-taking incentive, firms can still achieve higher innovation efficiency by increasing expenditure in IT. On the other hand, CEOâs ownership of the firm substitutes the link. CEO with larger ownership enhances firmâs innovation efficiency by due diligence, but not necessarily through the channel of IT investment. In together, this paper shows that CEO is an important and significant factor in the conversion of IT investment to innovation efficiency.

EPFL2018

Liquidity in the Foreign Exchange Market: Measurement, Commonality, and Risk Premiums

Loriano Mancini, Angelo Ranaldo

We provide the first systematic study of liquidity in the foreign exchange market. We find significant variation in liquidity across exchange rates, substantial illiquidity costs, and strong commonality in liquidity across currencies and with equity and bond markets. Analyzing the impact of liquidity risk on carry trades, we show that funding (investment) currencies offer insurance against (exposure to) liquidity risk. A liquidity risk factor has a strong impact on carry trade returns from 2007 to 2009, suggesting that liquidity risk is priced. We present evidence that liquidity spirals may trigger these findings.

Wiley-Blackwell2013

IT Investment and its impacts

Shameem Hasan

EPFL2018