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Concept

Unité de mesure

Résumé

En physique et en métrologie, une est une . Une unité de mesure peut être définie à partir de constantes fondamentales ou par un étalon, utilisé pour la mesure. Les systèmes d'unités, définis en cherchant le plus large accord dans le domaine considéré, sont rendus nécessaires par la méthode scientifique, dont l'un des fondements est la reproductibilité des expériences (donc des mesures), ainsi que par le développement des échanges d'informations commerciales ou industrielles. Différents systèmes d'unités reposent sur des choix différents du jeu d'unités fondamentales, mais de nos jours le système d'unités le plus utilisé est le Système international d'unités (SI). Celui-ci comprend sept unités de base. Toutes les autres unités rattachés au SI peuvent être dérivées de ces unités de base. vignette|Mesure de l’écart entre le pouce et l’auriculaire. Noms et symboles des unités Étymologie des noms d'unités de mesure Par convention, les noms d'unités sont des noms communs q

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_de_mesure

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Le Système international d'unités (abrégé en SI), inspiré du système métrique, est le système d'unités le plus largement employé au monde ; il n'est pas officiellement utilisé aux États-Unis, au Libe

Le mètre, de symbole m (sans point abréviatif), est l'unité de longueur du Système international (SI). C'est l'une de ses sept unités de base, à partir desquelles sont construites les unités dérivées

Le système métrique est un système de mesure décimal adopté internationalement. Il est largement utilisé et, lorsqu'il est utilisé, c'est le seul ou le plus commun des systèmes de poids et de mesure

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Localizing Polygonal Objects in Man-Made Environments

Xiaolu Sun

Object detection is a significant challenge in Computer Vision and has received a lot of attention in the field. One such challenge addressed in this thesis is the detection of polygonal objects, which are prevalent in man-made environments. Shape analysis is an important cue to detect these objects. We propose a contour-based object detection framework to deal with the related challenges, including how to efficiently detect polygonal shapes and how to exploit them for object detection. First, we propose an efficient component tree segmentation framework for stable region extraction and a multi-resolution line segment detection algorithm, which form the bases of our detection framework. Our component tree segmentation algorithm explores the optimal threshold for each branch of the component tree, and achieves a significant improvement over image thresholding segmentation, and comparable performance to more sophisticated methods but only at a fraction of computation time. Our line segment detector overcomes several inherent limitations of the Hough transform, and achieves a comparable performance to the state-of-the-art line segment detectors. However, our approach can better capture dominant structures and is more stable against low-quality imaging conditions. Second, we propose a global shape analysis measurement for simple polygon detection and use it to develop an approach for real-time landing site detection in unconstrained man-made environments. Since the task of detecting landing sites must be performed in a few seconds or less, existing methods are often limited to simple local intensity and edge variation cues. By contrast, we show how to efficiently take into account the potential sitesâ global shape, which is a critical cue in man-made scenes. Our method relies on component tree segmentation algorithm and a new shape regularity measure to look for polygonal regions in video sequences. In this way we enforce both temporal consistency and geometric regularity, resulting in reliable and consistent detections. Third, we propose a generic contour grouping based object detection approach by exploring promising cycles in a line fragment graph. Previous contour-based methods are limited to use additive scoring functions. In this thesis, we propose an approximate search approach that eliminates this restriction. Given a weighted line fragment graph, we prune its cycle space by removing cycles containing weak nodes or weak edges, until the upper bound of the cycle space is less than the threshold defined by the cyclomatic number. Object contours are then detected as maximally scoring elementary circuits in the pruned cycle space. Furthermore, we propose another more efficient algorithm, which reconstructs the graph by grouping the strongest edges iteratively until the number of the cycles reaches the upper bound. Our approximate search approaches can be used with any cycle scoring function. Moreover, unlike other contour grouping based approaches, our approach does not rely on a greedy strategy for finding multiple candidates and is capable of finding multiple candidates sharing common line fragments. We demonstrate that our approach significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art.

EPFL2015

Chargement

OPTIMIZATION OF THE POSITION OF THE RADIAL LOOP PICKUPS IN THE CERN PS

Sandra Aumon

A part of the beam losses at transition crossing of high intensity beams in the CERN PS have been attributed to an excursion of the closed orbit. The orbit jump occurs simultaneously with the jump of the transition energy triggered by pulsed quadrupoles. Investigations showed that the position of the pickups used for the radial loop system was not optimized with respect to the dispersion change caused by the fast change of the transition energy. Thanks to new electronics of the orbit measurement system, turn-by-turn orbit data could be recorded around transition crossing. Their analysis, together with calculations of the transverse optics, allowed determining a new choice of pickup positions for the radial loop. In comparison to the previous pickup configuration, the new configuration improves the mean radial position not only during transition crossing, but all along the acceleration cycle.

2010

Chargement

The paper describes a modeling tool for the design of a new air-cored current transformer called PRiME (planar Rogowski current measurement) designed on a printed-circuit board (PCB) with the coil made of the PCB printed copper layers. The PRiME technology discussed in this paper exhibits a very original way of getting an efficient external field rejection, allowing the design of air-cored transducers with remarkable overall performances. A theoretical model of the PRiME transducer is presented. The model permits to perform systematic optimization of the design parameters, allowing to tune any of them and analyze their impact on the overall PRiME performances. The model is based on the Neumann's formula which allows a straightforward representation of complex coils. The model and the simulation tool are validated versus experimental measurements carried out for different sensor configurations

2004

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Localizing Polygonal Objects in Man-Made Environments

Xiaolu Sun

EPFL2015