Product liabilityProduct liability is the area of law in which manufacturers, distributors, suppliers, retailers, and others who make products available to the public are held responsible for the injuries those products cause. Although the word "product" has broad connotations, product liability as an area of law is traditionally limited to products in the form of tangible personal property. The overwhelming majority of countries have strongly preferred to address product liability through legislative means.
Gross negligenceGross negligence is the "lack of slight diligence or care" or "a conscious, voluntary act or omission in reckless disregard of a legal duty and of the consequences to another party." In some jurisdictions a person injured as a result of gross negligence may be able to recover punitive damages from the person who caused the injury or loss. Negligence is the opposite of diligence, or being careful. The standard of ordinary negligence is what conduct deviates from the proverbial "reasonable person".
Donoghue v StevensonDonoghue v Stevenson [1932] AC 562 was a landmark court decision in Scots delict law and English tort law by the House of Lords. It laid the foundation of the modern law of negligence in common law jurisdictions worldwide, as well as in Scotland, establishing general principles of the duty of care. Also known as the "Paisley Snail" or "Snail in the Bottle" case, the case involved Mrs May Donoghue drinking a bottle of ginger beer in a café in Paisley, Renfrewshire. Unknown to her or anybody else, a decomposed snail was in the bottle.
Dommages-intérêts punitifsLes dommages-intérêts punitifs, ou dommages-intérêts exemplaires, consistent à octroyer, à une partie au procès de la part d'une autre, une somme d'argent supérieure aux seuls dommages réellement subis. Cette possibilité n'est pas prévue dans les pays de droits de tradition civiliste (France, Belgique, Allemagne...), mais trouve une application dans les pays sous common law, notamment aux États-Unis. Elle vise alors à dissuader le responsable du dommage de s'engager de nouveau dans des actes menant à de tels dommages.
DelictDelict (from Latin dēlictum, past participle of dēlinquere ‘to be at fault, offend’) is a term in civil and mixed law jurisdictions whose exact meaning varies from jurisdiction to jurisdiction but is always centered on the notion of wrongful conduct. In Scots and Roman Dutch law, it always refers to a tort, which can be defined as a civil wrong consisting of an intentional or negligent breach of duty of care that inflicts loss or harm and which triggers legal liability for the wrongdoer.
Omission (droit)L'omission est un concept en droit qui peut être défini comme un manquement volontaire ou involontaire de faire ou de dire qqch alors qu'un devoir d'agir implicite ou explicite existe. En France, chaque avocat peut se faire « omettre » du barreau, c'est-à-dire qu'il reste membre de l'Ordre mais ne peut plus faire état de son titre d'avocat ni exercer cette profession ; cette procédure est employée notamment pour pouvoir exercer des activités incompatibles avec celle d'avocat ou bien pour des raisons de santé.
