Théorème des nombres premiers

Résumé

vignette|Une illustration du théorème des nombres premiers : en rouge, le nombre de nombres premiers inférieurs ou égaux à x ; en vert, une approximation utilisant \frac{x}{\ln{x}} ; en bleu, une approximation utilisant l'intégrale logarithmique \operatorname{Li}(x). En mathématiques, et plus précisément en théorie analytique des nombres, le théorème des nombres premiers, démontré indépendamment par Hadamard et La Vallée Poussin en 1896, est un résultat concernant la distribution asymptotique des nombres premiers. Énoncé Énoncés équivalents Le théorème des nombres premiers équivaut à \pi(x)\ln(\pi(x))\sim x lorsque x\rightarrow\infty donc au comportement asymptotique suivant pour le n-ième nombre premier p_n : p_n\sim n\ln(n). Il équivaut aussi à \theta(x)\sim x\quad (x\rightarrow\infty) et à \psi(x)\sim x\quad(x\rightarrow\infty),

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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A9or%C3%A8me_des_nombres_premiers

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Primality Testing

Kamal Tahiri Jouti

Since the discovery of the utility of the numbers, the human being tried to differentiate them. We decide between them according to whether they are even or odd. Or, according to the fact that they are prime or composite. A natural number n >1 is called a prime number if it has no positive divisors other than 1 and n. Therefore, other numbers that are not prime have other divisors. That is why we call them composite numbers because we can write them : n = p*q with {p,q} ≠ {1,n}. The problem has always been to decide whether a number is prime or not. To answer this problem, many algorithms have been created like the Trial Division. It uses the property which says that the biggest divisor of n is smaller or equal to the square root of n. But for numbers that exceed 30 digits, it will take more than 10^13 years to know the answer. So, the interest would be to create an algorithm using mathematical bases which would answer to this question as fast as possible. This is what we will see in this project. The study of prime numbers became really important to code texts. Cryptography is one of the most important application of prime numbers theory. At the beginning, it was only used to code texts during the wars and more recently it was used for other applications, like the security of an account. Fist of all, I will focus on randomized algorithms for primality testing. Then, I will focus on a deterministic algorithm that I have implemented.

2006

Chargement

Le foncteur de bi-ensembles des modules de p-permutation

Mélanie Baumann

Let k be an algebraically closed field of characteristic p, where p is a prime number or 0. Let G be a finite group and ppk(G) be the Grothendieck group of p-permutation kG-modules. If we tensor it with C, then Cppk becomes a C-linear biset functor. Recall that the simple biset functor SH,V are parametrized by pairs (H,V), where H is a finite group and V a simple COut(H)-module. If we only consider p'-groups, then Cppk = CRk is the usual representation functor and we know the simple functors which are its composition factors. If we consider only p-groups, then Cppk = CB is the Burnside functor and we also know the simple functors which are its composition factors. We want to find the composition factors of Cppk in general. In order to achieve this, we first show that the composition factors from the special cases above are also composition factors for Cppk. Then, we consider groups of little order and try to find new composition factors. This leads us to find the following new composition factors : The simple factors SCm,Cξ and SCp×Cp× Cm,Cξ, where (m,ξ) runs over the set of all pairs formed by a positive integer m prime to p and a primitive character ξ : (Z/mZ)* → C*. Their multiplicity as composition factors is 1. The simple factors SCp⋊Cl, C, where l is a number prime to p, the action of Cl on Cp is faithful and C is the trivial COut(Cp ⋊ Cl)-module. Their multiplicity as composition factors is φ(l). The simple functors SG,C, where G is a finite p-hypo-elementary B-group (for which an explicit classification is done) and C the trivial COut(G)-module. We also show that some specific simple functors appear, indexed by the groups C3 ⋊ C4, C5 ⋊ C4 and A4. On the way, we find all the composition factors of the subfunctor of permutation modules.

EPFL2012

Chargement

Let k be a field of characteristic p, where p is a prime number, let pp_k(G) be the Grothendieck group of p-permutation kG-modules, where G is a finite group, and let Cpp_k(G) be pp_k(G) tensored with the field of complex numbers C. In this article, we find all the composition factors of the biset functor Cpp_k restricted to the category of abelian groups.

Elsevier2013

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