Fibré en droitesEn mathématiques, un fibré en droites est une construction qui décrit une droite attachée en chaque point d'un espace. Par exemple, une courbe dans le plan possède une tangente en chaque point, et si la courbe est suffisamment lisse alors la tangente évolue de manière « continue » lorsqu'on se déplace sur la courbe. De manière plus formelle on peut définir un fibré en droites comme un fibré vectoriel de rang 1.
Section d'un fibréEn topologie, une section d'un fibré sur un espace topologique est une fonction continue telle que pour tout point de . Toute section est injective. Une section est une généralisation de la notion de graphe d'une fonction. Le graphe d'une fonction g : X → Y peut être identifié à une fonction prenant ses valeurs dans le produit cartésien E = X×Y de X et Y: Une section est une caractérisation abstraite de ce qu'est un graphe. Soit π : E → X la projection sur le premier facteur du produit cartésien: π(x,y) = x.
Inverse image functorIn mathematics, specifically in algebraic topology and algebraic geometry, an inverse image functor is a contravariant construction of sheaves; here “contravariant” in the sense given a map , the inverse image functor is a functor from the of sheaves on Y to the category of sheaves on X. The is the primary operation on sheaves, with the simplest definition. The inverse image exhibits some relatively subtle features. Suppose we are given a sheaf on and that we want to transport to using a continuous map .
Verdier dualityIn mathematics, Verdier duality is a cohomological duality in algebraic topology that generalizes Poincaré duality for manifolds. Verdier duality was introduced in 1965 by as an analog for locally compact topological spaces of Alexander Grothendieck's theory of Poincaré duality in étale cohomology for schemes in algebraic geometry. It is thus (together with the said étale theory and for example Grothendieck's coherent duality) one instance of Grothendieck's six operations formalism.
Stalk (sheaf)The stalk of a sheaf is a mathematical construction capturing the behaviour of a sheaf around a given point. Sheaves are defined on open sets, but the underlying topological space consists of points. It is reasonable to attempt to isolate the behavior of a sheaf at a single fixed point of . Conceptually speaking, we do this by looking at small neighborhoods of the point. If we look at a sufficiently small neighborhood of , the behavior of the sheaf on that small neighborhood should be the same as the behavior of at that point.
Section (théorie des catégories)vignette|Ici, g est une section de f, et f est une rétraction de g. Dans le domaine mathématique de la théorie des catégories, si on a un couple de morphismes , tel que (le morphisme identité de Y, souvent réalisé par l'application identité sur Y), on dit que g est une section de f, et que f est une rétraction de g. En d'autres termes, une section est un inverse à droite, et une rétraction est un inverse à gauche (ce sont deux notions duales).
Coherent dualityIn mathematics, coherent duality is any of a number of generalisations of Serre duality, applying to coherent sheaves, in algebraic geometry and complex manifold theory, as well as some aspects of commutative algebra that are part of the 'local' theory. The historical roots of the theory lie in the idea of the adjoint linear system of a linear system of divisors in classical algebraic geometry. This was re-expressed, with the advent of sheaf theory, in a way that made an analogy with Poincaré duality more apparent.
Complex analytic varietyIn mathematics, and in particular differential geometry and complex geometry, a complex analytic variety or complex analytic space is a generalization of a complex manifold which allows the presence of singularities. Complex analytic varieties are locally ringed spaces which are locally isomorphic to local model spaces, where a local model space is an open subset of the vanishing locus of a finite set of holomorphic functions. Denote the constant sheaf on a topological space with value by .
Hodge structureIn mathematics, a Hodge structure, named after W. V. D. Hodge, is an algebraic structure at the level of linear algebra, similar to the one that Hodge theory gives to the cohomology groups of a smooth and compact Kähler manifold. Hodge structures have been generalized for all complex varieties (even if they are singular and non-complete) in the form of mixed Hodge structures, defined by Pierre Deligne (1970). A variation of Hodge structure is a family of Hodge structures parameterized by a manifold, first studied by Phillip Griffiths (1968).
HyperhomologyIn homological algebra, the hyperhomology or hypercohomology () is a generalization of (co)homology functors which takes as input not objects in an but instead chain complexes of objects, so objects in . It is a sort of cross between the derived functor cohomology of an object and the homology of a chain complex since hypercohomology corresponds to the derived global sections functor . Hyperhomology is no longer used much: since about 1970 it has been largely replaced by the roughly equivalent concept of a derived functor between derived categories.
