Concept
Component (graph theory)
Concepts associés (30)
Théorème de Kirchhoff
Dans le domaine de la théorie des graphes, le théorème de Kirchhoff, aussi appelé matrix-tree theorem, nommé d'après le physicien Gustav Kirchhoff, est un théorème donnant le nombre exact d'arbres couvrants pour un graphe non orienté quelconque. C'est une généralisation de la formule de Cayley qui donne ce résultat pour les graphes complets non orientés. Le théorème de Kirchhoff s'appuie sur la notion de matrice laplacienne, définie elle-même comme la différence entre la matrice des degrés et la matrice d'adjacence du graphe.
Théorie topologique des graphes
En mathématiques, la théorie topologique des graphes est une branche de la théorie des graphes . Elle étudie entre autres les plongements de graphes dans des surfaces, les graphiques en tant qu'espaces topologiques ainsi que les immersions de graphes. Un plongement d'un graphe dans une surface donnée, une sphère par exemple, est une façon de dessiner ce graphe sur cette surface sans que deux arêtes se croisent. Un problème fondamental de la théorie topologique des graphes, souvent présenté comme un casse - tête mathématique, est le problème des trois chalets.
Reachability
In graph theory, reachability refers to the ability to get from one vertex to another within a graph. A vertex can reach a vertex (and is reachable from ) if there exists a sequence of adjacent vertices (i.e. a walk) which starts with and ends with . In an undirected graph, reachability between all pairs of vertices can be determined by identifying the connected components of the graph. Any pair of vertices in such a graph can reach each other if and only if they belong to the same connected component; therefore, in such a graph, reachability is symmetric ( reaches iff reaches ).
Matroid rank
In the mathematical theory of matroids, the rank of a matroid is the maximum size of an independent set in the matroid. The rank of a subset S of elements of the matroid is, similarly, the maximum size of an independent subset of S, and the rank function of the matroid maps sets of elements to their ranks. The rank function is one of the fundamental concepts of matroid theory via which matroids may be axiomatized. Matroid rank functions form an important subclass of the submodular set functions.
Biconnected component
In graph theory, a biconnected component (sometimes known as a 2-connected component) is a maximal biconnected subgraph. Any connected graph decomposes into a tree of biconnected components called the block-cut tree of the graph. The blocks are attached to each other at shared vertices called cut vertices or separating vertices or articulation points. Specifically, a cut vertex is any vertex whose removal increases the number of connected components.
Cluster graph
In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, a cluster graph is a graph formed from the disjoint union of complete graphs. Equivalently, a graph is a cluster graph if and only if it has no three-vertex induced path; for this reason, the cluster graphs are also called P_3-free graphs. They are the complement graphs of the complete multipartite graphs and the 2-leaf powers. The cluster graphs are transitively closed, and every transitively closed undirected graph is a cluster graph.
Disjoint union of graphs
In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, the disjoint union of graphs is an operation that combines two or more graphs to form a larger graph. It is analogous to the disjoint union of sets, and is constructed by making the vertex set of the result be the disjoint union of the vertex sets of the given graphs, and by making the edge set of the result be the disjoint union of the edge sets of the given graphs. Any disjoint union of two or more nonempty graphs is necessarily disconnected.
Polynôme de Tutte
Le polynôme de Tutte, aussi appelé polynôme dichromatique ou polynôme de Tutte–Whitney, est un polynôme invariant de graphes dont les valeurs expriment des propriétés d'un graphe. C'est un polynôme en deux variables qui joue un rôle important en théorie des graphes et en combinatoire. Il est défini pour tout graphe non orienté et contient des informations liées à ses propriétés de connexité. L'importance de ce polynôme provient des informations qu'il contient sur le graphe .
Graphe diamant
Le graphe diamant est, en théorie des graphes, un graphe possédant 4 sommets et 5 arêtes. Il peut être construit à partir du graphe complet à quatre sommets, K4 en lui retirant une arête quelconque. Il est hamiltonien, une autre façon de le construire étant de partir du graphe cycle C4 et de lui ajouter une arête quelconque. Le nom de graphe diamant est employé au sein de la classification de l'ISGCI (Information System on Graph Classes and their Inclusions).
Bicircular matroid
In the mathematical subject of matroid theory, the bicircular matroid of a graph G is the matroid B(G) whose points are the edges of G and whose independent sets are the edge sets of pseudoforests of G, that is, the edge sets in which each connected component contains at most one cycle. The bicircular matroid was introduced by and explored further by and others. It is a special case of the frame matroid of a biased graph.