Valuation ringIn abstract algebra, a valuation ring is an integral domain D such that for every element x of its field of fractions F, at least one of x or x−1 belongs to D. Given a field F, if D is a subring of F such that either x or x−1 belongs to D for every nonzero x in F, then D is said to be a valuation ring for the field F or a place of F. Since F in this case is indeed the field of fractions of D, a valuation ring for a field is a valuation ring.
Complétion (algèbre)En algèbre, une complétion est l'un des foncteurs sur les anneaux et les modules qui produit des anneaux topologiques et modules topologiques complets. La complétion est similaire à la localisation et, ensemble, ce sont des outils de base pour étudier les anneaux commutatifs. Les anneaux commutatifs complets ont une structure plus simple que les anneaux généraux, et on peut y appliquer le lemme de Hensel.
Reciprocity lawIn mathematics, a reciprocity law is a generalization of the law of quadratic reciprocity to arbitrary monic irreducible polynomials with integer coefficients. Recall that first reciprocity law, quadratic reciprocity, determines when an irreducible polynomial splits into linear terms when reduced mod . That is, it determines for which prime numbers the relationholds. For a general reciprocity lawpg 3, it is defined as the rule determining which primes the polynomial splits into linear factors, denoted .
