La règle du Forum non conveniens (FNC, « forum incommode » en latin) est une doctrine juridique que l'on retrouve principalement dans les pays de common law par laquelle un tribunal « reconnaît qu'un autre forum ou tribunal est plus approprié et renvoie l'affaire à un tel forum. Un renvoi devant une autre juridiction est possible, lorsqu'une autre juridiction est plus appropriée pour statuer sur une affaire, par ex. la juridiction dans laquelle un accident s'est produit et où résident tous les témoins ».
Le domicile est une notion née du mot latin domus désignant le lieu où habite une personne, mais aussi le point fixe où les intérêts d'une personne la ramènent régulièrement. Il s'agit donc de la localisation géographique stable et réputée permanente des sujets de droits, permettant, selon le doyen Jean Carbonnier, d' « attacher au domicile une présomption simple de présence permanente ». C'est pourquoi les actes judiciaires faits à leur domicile leur sont opposables. En droit positif, le domicile est fixé au lieu du principal établissement.
Choice of law is a procedural stage in the litigation of a case involving the conflict of laws when it is necessary to reconcile the differences between the laws of different legal jurisdictions, such as sovereign states, federated states (as in the US), or provinces. The outcome of this process is potentially to require the courts of one jurisdiction to apply the law of a different jurisdiction in lawsuits arising from, say, family law, tort, or contract. The law which is applied is sometimes referred to as the "proper law.
In contract law, a forum selection clause (sometimes called a dispute resolution clause, choice of court clause, governing law clause, jurisdiction clause or an arbitration clause, depending upon its form) in a contract with a conflict of laws element allows the parties to agree that any disputes relating to that contract will be resolved in a specific forum. They usually operate in conjunction with a choice of law clause which determines the proper law of the relevant contract.
Characterisation, or characterization, in conflict of laws, is the second stage of the procedure to resolve a lawsuit that involves foreign law. The process is described in English law as Characterisation, or classification within the English judgments of the European Court of Justice. It is alternatively known as qualification in French law. It is used to determine the correct choice of law rules based on the circumstances of the case, primarily relating to matters of property.
In law, the enforcement of foreign judgments is the recognition and enforcement in one jurisdiction of judgments rendered in another ("foreign") jurisdiction. Foreign judgments may be recognized based on bilateral or multilateral treaties or understandings, or unilaterally without an express international agreement. The "recognition" of a foreign judgment occurs when the court of one country or jurisdiction accepts a judicial decision made by the courts of another "foreign" country or jurisdiction, and issues a judgment in substantially identical terms without rehearing the substance of the original lawsuit.
International law (also known as public international law and the law of nations) is the set of rules, norms, and standards generally recognised as binding between states. It establishes normative guidelines and a common conceptual framework for states across a broad range of domains, including war and diplomacy, economic relations, and human rights. International law differs from state-based domestic legal systems in that it is primarily, though not exclusively, applicable to states, rather than to individuals, and operates largely through consent, since there is no universally accepted authority to enforce it upon sovereign states.
Le (sous forme d'abréviation : DIP) dans les systèmes de droit romano-civiliste « est constitué par l'ensemble des principes, des usages ou des conventions qui gouvernent les relations juridiques établies entre des personnes régies par des législations d'États différents ». Il peut en ce sens être qualifié d'. Le droit international privé a vocation à s'appliquer dans une situation de conflit de lois nationales causé par un élément d'extranéité dans l'application de situations de droit privé.
In law, comity is "a practice among different political entities (as countries, states, or courts of different jurisdictions)" involving the "mutual recognition of legislative, executive, and judicial acts." Comity derives from the Latin cōmitās, courtesy, from cōmis, friendly, courteous. Enforcement of foreign judgments The doctrine of international comity has been described variously "as a choice-of-law principle, a synonym for private international law, a rule of public international law, a moral obligation, expediency, courtesy, reciprocity, utility, or diplomacy.
Conflict of marriage laws is the conflict of laws with respect to marriage in different jurisdictions. When marriage-related issues arise between couples with diverse backgrounds, questions as to which legal systems and norms should be applied to the relationship naturally follow with various potentially applicable systems frequently conflicting with one another.
