Empathie

Résumé

alt=|vignette|redresse|La plupart des êtres humains, dès l'enfance, sont doués d'empathie, notamment face à la douleur physique ou morale éprouvée par autrui. L'empathie est la reconnaissance et la compréhension des sentiments et des émotions d'un autre individu. Dans un sens plus général, elle représente la reconnaissance de états non-émotionnels, tels que ses propres croyances. Dans ce dernier cas, il est plus spécifiquement question de lempathie cognitive. Dans le langage courant, le phénomène d'empathie est souvent illustré par l'expression . Cette compréhension se produit par une décentration de la personne (ou de l'animal) et peut mener à des actions liées à la survie du sujet visé par l'empathie, indépendamment, et parfois même au détriment des intérêts du sujet ressentant l'empathie. Dans l'étude des relations interindividuelles, l'empathie est donc différente des notions de sympathie, de compassion, d'altruisme ou de contagion émotionnelle, qui peuvent lui être associées.

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empathie

À propos de ce résultat

Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.

Publications associées (11)

Publications associées

Chargement

Personnes associées (1)

Personnes associées

Chargement

Unités associées (1)

Unités associées

Chargement

Concepts associés (45)

vignette|« Comment l'état de pauvreté peut être agréable » (Diogène dans son tonneau et Cratès renonçant à la richesse pour la vertu). Extrait du Livre des bonnes mœurs de Jacques Legrand, Jacobus Mag

Un trouble du spectre de l'autisme (anciennement trouble du spectre autistique) ou TSA (en autism spectrum disorder ou ASD) est un diagnostic de l'autisme depuis 2013, dans la du Manuel diagnostiq

thumb|upright=1.8|Roue des émotions de Robert Plutchik.|alt= L'émotion est une expérience psychophysiologique complexe et intense (avec un début brutal et une durée relativement brève) de l'état d'esp

Afficher plus

Concepts associés

Chargement

Cours associés (2)

This course aims to engage students into multidisciplinary collaboration to tackle real world problems with a human centered approach. It will also provide knowledge about the role of design in innovation.

This course provides an introduction to the topic of entrepreneurship, the process of new firm creation and the commercialization of technologies. The course integrates theories of entrepreneurship with a practical, process-based project in which students develop a business concept in teams.

Cours associés

Chargement

Séances de cours associées (1)

Séances de cours associées

Chargement

Cultural Adaptation, Validation, and Psychometric Description of the Pictorial Empathy Test (PET) in the Spanish Population

Maria del Carmen Sandi Perez

Research in psychology and social neuroscience distinguishes between dispositional and situational empathy for the cognitive and affective aspects of empathy. Yet, the Pictorial Empathy Test (PET) is one of the few brief tests focusing on situational affective empathy. This paper describes the adaptation of PET in a two-stage process, consisting of instrument translation and exploratory analysis of the construct in a university student sample, followed by confirmatory factor analysis and psychometric validation in a general population sample (Study 1, N = 79 and Study 2, N = 580). Our results indicate that the Spanish PET version constitutes a single factor structure with high internal consistency as well as high construct stability across genders and across in-person and online test administration setups. We report satisfactory convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity of the Spanish PET, as reported for the original version, in addition to when explored across new dimensions, like the Interpersonal Reactivity Index or in relation to age and prosocial tendencies. Based on the above, we discuss delineation of the distinct components of emotional empathy as measured by the instrument. The work presented supports the use of the Spanish PET version as a brief screening toot for state affective (emotional) empathy.

HOGREFE PUBLISHING CORP2022

Chargement

Smooth social interactions in everyday life rely on spontaneous understanding of emotions and intentions of others, conveyed by subtle social cues, such as gaze and facial expressions. In individuals with autism, however, who represent close to 1% of the population, this effortless and spontaneous understanding is impaired, and atypical eye contact as well as difficulties in social interaction are central to the condition. A lack of social instinct has been suggested as the essence of this neurodevelopmental disorder. In this work, I investigated configural face processing, interactions of emotions and eye gaze direction as well as empathy for pain in high- functioning young adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) using magnetic resonance imaging and behavioral measures. I also conducted anatomical investigations of white matter in adolescents and adults with autism to investigate structural differences underlying socio-cognitive processing. Findings showed that individuals with ASD process faces in a qualitatively similar manner as controls, namely configurally, as a unified whole. Moreover, the results showed that when participants are explicitly cued to the eye region, activation of cortical areas involved in social and emotional aspects of face processing reaches levels comparable to those observed in controls. When confronted with quick social gaze cues signaling an environmental threat, however, participants with ASD failed to show activation in areas associated with social attention, including brain regions driving eye gaze and emotion processing as well as the attribution of mental states. In contrast, affective empathy, referring to emotional contagion that has us “feeling like others” is preserved in ASD when viewing facial expressions of physical pain in others. Cognitive empathy on the other hand, which is associated with the attribution of mental states to others as well as top-down regulation of emotional arousal, seems impaired in ASD. In addition, across experiments, direct eye contact led to hyperactivation of subcortical regions suggesting hyperarousal in response to direct gaze that could underlie gaze avoidance observed in autism. Finally, we observed signs of delayed maturation in white matter tracts involved in emotional face processing in adolescents with ASD, but not in adults, which could be related to the improvements often observed in social interactions as individuals with autism enter adulthood. The studies conducted here shed light onto neural processes underlying social cognition deficits in ASD and provide clues for improving behavioral therapies.

EPFL2012

Chargement

Interoception and Empathy Impact Perspective Taking

Jane Aspell, Olaf Blanke, Bruno Herbelin, Lukas Heydrich

Adopting the perspective of another person is an important aspect of social cognition and has been shown to depend on multisensory signals from one's own body. Recent work suggests that interoceptive signals not only contribute to own-body perception and self-consciousness, but also to empathy. Here we investigated if social cognition - in particular adopting the perspective of another person - can be altered by a systematic manipulation of interoceptive cues and further, if this effect depends on empathic ability. The own-body transformation task (OBT) - wherein participants are instructed to imagine taking the perspective and position of a virtual body presented on a computer screen - offers an effective way to measure reaction time differences linked to the mental effort of taking an other's perspective. Here, we adapted the OBT with the flashing of a silhouette surrounding the virtual body, either synchronously or asynchronously with the timing of participants' heartbeats. We evaluated the impact of this cardio-visual synchrony on reaction times and accuracy rates in the OBT. Empathy was assessed with the empathy quotient (EQ) questionnaire. Based on previous work using the cardio-visual paradigm, we predicted that synchronous (vs. asynchronous) cardio-visual stimulation would increase self-identification with the virtual body and facilitate participants' ability to adopt the virtual body's perspective, thereby enhancing performance on the task, particularly in participants with higher empathy scores. We report that participants with high empathy showed significantly better performance during the OBT task during synchronous versus asynchronous cardio-visual stimulation. Moreover, we found a significant positive correlation between empathic ability and the synchrony effect (the difference in reaction times between the asynchronous and synchronous conditions). We conclude that synchronous cardio-visual stimulation between the participant's body and a virtual body during an OBT task makes it easier to adopt the virtual body's perspective, presumably based on multisensory integration processes. However, this effect depended on empathic ability, suggesting that empathy, interoception and social perspective taking are inherently linked.

2021

Chargement

EPFL2012

Interoception and Empathy Impact Perspective Taking

Jane Aspell, Olaf Blanke, Bruno Herbelin, Lukas Heydrich

2021