In linguistics, a word sense is one of the meanings of a word. For example, a dictionary may have over 50 different senses of the word "play", each of these having a different meaning based on the context of the word's usage in a sentence, as follows:
We went to see the play Romeo and Juliet at the theater.
The coach devised a great play that put the visiting team on the defensive.
The children went out to play in the park.
In each sentence different collocates of "play" signal its different meanings.
People and computers, as they read words, must use a process called word-sense disambiguation to reconstruct the likely intended meaning of a word. This process uses context to narrow the possible senses down to the probable ones. The context includes such things as the ideas conveyed by adjacent words and nearby phrases, the known or probable purpose and register of the conversation or document, and the orientation (time and place) implied or expressed. The disambiguation is thus context-sensitive.
Advanced semantic analysis has resulted in a sub-distinction. A word sense corresponds either neatly to a seme (the smallest possible unit of meaning) or a sememe (larger unit of meaning), and polysemy of a word of phrase is the property of having multiple semes or sememes and thus multiple senses.
Often the senses of a word are related to each other within a semantic field. A common pattern is that one sense is broader and another narrower. This is often the case in technical jargon, where the target audience uses a narrower sense of a word that a general audience would tend to take in its broader sense. For example, in casual use "orthography" will often be glossed for a lay audience as "spelling", but in linguistic usage "orthography" (comprising spelling, casing, spacing, hyphenation, and other punctuation) is a hypernym of "spelling". Besides jargon, however, the pattern is common even in general vocabulary. Examples are the variation in senses of the term "wood wool" and in those of the word "bean".
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La polysémie est la propriété d'un mot ou d'une expression d'avoir plusieurs sens ou significations différentes (on le qualifie de polysémique). Il ne faut pas confondre polysémie et homonymie. Deux mots homonymes ont la même forme (phonique ou graphique) mais sont des mots totalement différents, c'est-à-dire qu'ils n'ont pas la même étymologie. Ils ont deux entrées distinctes dans le dictionnaire. Polysémie et homonymie sont des cas particuliers d'ambiguïté.
Lexical semantics (also known as lexicosemantics), as a subfield of linguistic semantics, is the study of word meanings. It includes the study of how words structure their meaning, how they act in grammar and compositionality, and the relationships between the distinct senses and uses of a word. The units of analysis in lexical semantics are lexical units which include not only words but also sub-words or sub-units such as affixes and even compound words and phrases. Lexical units include the catalogue of words in a language, the lexicon.
Un champ sémantique désigne un ensemble de noms, d'adjectifs et de verbes liés par leur sémantique, c'est-à-dire traitant d'un domaine commun. Il ne faut pas confondre avec la familles de mots lequel est le Champ dérivationnel du lexique et de l'étymologie (à partir d'un même étymon, ex.: chaîne, chaînon, chaînette, enchaîner...) Les champs sémantique peuvent être à valeur dénotative ou à valeur connotative. « Dans un champ lexical, un sens est évoqué par plusieurs mots ».
It is a generally accepted idea that typology is an essential element in the disciplinary dimension of architecture. The concept of typology, in its most common definition, is sufficiently malleable to cover a wide range of uses, but it is also this vaguen ...
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Explore la sémantique lexicale, le sens des mots, les relations sémantiques et WordNet, en mettant en évidence les applications dans l'ingénierie du langage et la récupération d'informations.