Algèbre d'AzumayaEn mathématiques, la notion d'algèbre d'Azumaya est une généralisation de la notion d'algèbre centrale simple aux R-algèbres dont les scalaires R ne forment pas un corps. Elle a été introduite dans un article de en 1951, dans le cas où R est un anneau local commutatif, puis a été développée par Alexander Grothendieck comme ingrédient de base à une théorie du groupe de Brauer en géométrie algébrique, dans les séminaires Bourbaki à partir de 1964.
Endomorphism ringIn mathematics, the endomorphisms of an abelian group X form a ring. This ring is called the endomorphism ring of X, denoted by End(X); the set of all homomorphisms of X into itself. Addition of endomorphisms arises naturally in a pointwise manner and multiplication via endomorphism composition. Using these operations, the set of endomorphisms of an abelian group forms a (unital) ring, with the zero map as additive identity and the identity map as multiplicative identity.
Perfect ringIn the area of abstract algebra known as ring theory, a left perfect ring is a type of ring in which all left modules have projective covers. The right case is defined by analogy, and the condition is not left-right symmetric; that is, there exist rings which are perfect on one side but not the other. Perfect rings were introduced in Bass's book. A semiperfect ring is a ring over which every finitely generated left module has a projective cover. This property is left-right symmetric.
Invariant basis numberIn mathematics, more specifically in the field of ring theory, a ring has the invariant basis number (IBN) property if all finitely generated free left modules over R have a well-defined rank. In the case of fields, the IBN property becomes the statement that finite-dimensional vector spaces have a unique dimension. A ring R has invariant basis number (IBN) if for all positive integers m and n, Rm isomorphic to Rn (as left R-modules) implies that m = n.
Goldie's theoremIn mathematics, Goldie's theorem is a basic structural result in ring theory, proved by Alfred Goldie during the 1950s. What is now termed a right Goldie ring is a ring R that has finite uniform dimension (="finite rank") as a right module over itself, and satisfies the ascending chain condition on right annihilators of subsets of R. Goldie's theorem states that the semiprime right Goldie rings are precisely those that have a semisimple Artinian right classical ring of quotients.
Matrix ringIn abstract algebra, a matrix ring is a set of matrices with entries in a ring R that form a ring under matrix addition and matrix multiplication . The set of all n × n matrices with entries in R is a matrix ring denoted Mn(R) (alternative notations: Matn(R) and Rn×n). Some sets of infinite matrices form infinite matrix rings. Any subring of a matrix ring is a matrix ring. Over a rng, one can form matrix rngs. When R is a commutative ring, the matrix ring Mn(R) is an associative algebra over R, and may be called a matrix algebra.
BimoduleIn abstract algebra, a bimodule is an abelian group that is both a left and a right module, such that the left and right multiplications are compatible. Besides appearing naturally in many parts of mathematics, bimodules play a clarifying role, in the sense that many of the relationships between left and right modules become simpler when they are expressed in terms of bimodules. If R and S are two rings, then an R-S-bimodule is an abelian group such that: M is a left R-module and a right S-module.
Hopkins–Levitzki theoremIn abstract algebra, in particular ring theory, the Akizuki–Hopkins–Levitzki theorem connects the descending chain condition and ascending chain condition in modules over semiprimary rings. A ring R (with 1) is called semiprimary if R/J(R) is semisimple and J(R) is a nilpotent ideal, where J(R) denotes the Jacobson radical. The theorem states that if R is a semiprimary ring and M is an R-module, the three module conditions Noetherian, Artinian and "has a composition series" are equivalent.
Hereditary ringIn mathematics, especially in the area of abstract algebra known as module theory, a ring R is called hereditary if all submodules of projective modules over R are again projective. If this is required only for finitely generated submodules, it is called semihereditary. For a noncommutative ring R, the terms left hereditary and left semihereditary and their right hand versions are used to distinguish the property on a single side of the ring.
Radical de JacobsonEn algèbre, le radical de Jacobson d'un anneau commutatif est l'intersection de ses idéaux maximaux. Cette notion est due à Nathan Jacobson qui le premier en a fait l'étude systématique. Un élément x appartient au radical de Jacobson de l'anneau A si et seulement si 1 + ax est inversible pour tout a de A. Notons J le radical de Jacobson de l'anneau commutatif A et exploitons le fait que (d'après le théorème de Krull) 1 + ax est non inversible si et seulement s'il appartient à un idéal maximal.
