Manner of death

In many legal jurisdictions, the manner of death is a determination, typically made by the coroner, medical examiner, police, or similar officials, and recorded as a vital statistic. Within the United States and the United Kingdom, a distinction is made between the cause of death, which is a specific disease or injury, versus manner of death, which is primarily a legal determination versus the mechanism of death (also called the mode of death) which does not explain why the person died or the underlying cause of death and can include cardiac arrest or exsanguination. Different categories are used in different jurisdictions, but manner of death determinations include everything from very broad categories like "natural" and "homicide" to specific manners like "traffic accident" or "gunshot wound". In some cases an autopsy is performed, either due to general legal requirements, because the medical cause of death is uncertain, upon the request of family members or guardians, or because the circumstances of death were suspicious. International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes can be used to record manner and cause of death in a systematic way that makes it easy to compile statistics and more feasible to compare events across jurisdictions. A death by natural causes results from an illness and its complications or an internal malfunction of the body not directly caused by external forces, other than infectious disease. For example, a person dying from complications from pneumonia, diarrheal disease or HIV/AIDS (infections), cancer, stroke or heart disease (internal body malfunctions), or sudden organ failure would most likely be listed as having died from natural causes. "Death by natural causes" is sometimes used as a euphemism for "dying of old age", which is considered problematic as a cause of death (as opposed to a specific age-related disease); there are also many non-age-related causes of "natural" death, for legal manner-of-death purposes.

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Médecin légiste

vignette|Salle d'autopsie (2018). Le médecin légiste est le médecin qui pratique la médecine légale à la morgue. Chez les Romains, il existe une qui s'occupe de la levée du corps sur le domaine public et doit expliquer les causes de sa mort. La première mention du terme de coroner (médecin légiste) date juste après la Conquête normande de l'Angleterre en 1066. Cette pratique en Angleterre est dans l'article 20 d'Articles of Eyre de (en custos placitorum coronas). Ce rôle est dévolu à l'officier judiciaire du Comté agissant au nom de la Couronne.

Cause of death

In law, medicine, and statistics, cause of death is an official determination of the conditions resulting in a human's death, which may be recorded on a death certificate. A cause of death is determined by a medical examiner. In rare cases, an autopsy needs to be performed by a pathologist. The cause of death is a specific disease or injury, in contrast to the manner of death, which is a small number of categories like "natural", "accident", "suicide", and "homicide", each with different legal implications.

Autopsie

L’autopsie (ou examen post-mortem ou nécropsie) est l'examen médical des cadavres. Le terme vient du grec , « action de voir par soi-même ». L’autopsie « médico-légale » est un examen obligatoire mis en œuvre dans un cadre judiciaire à la demande d'un juge d'instruction ou du procureur qui commet un ou plusieurs spécialistes de médecine légale pour une série d'examens recherchant la cause d'une mort a priori considérée comme suspecte.

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