Rapport signal sur bruit

Résumé

En électronique, le rapport signal sur bruit (SNR, ) est le rapport des puissances entre la partie du signal qui représente une information et le reste, qui constitue un bruit de fond. Il est un indicateur de la qualité de la transmission d'une information. L'expression d'un rapport signal sur bruit se fonde implicitement sur le principe de superposition, qui pose que le signal total est la somme de ces composantes. Cette condition n'est vraie que si le phénomène concerné est linéaire. Pour les essais et mesures, on recherche le rapport entre

le signal électrique d'amplitude maximale pour laquelle la distorsion à la sortie reste inférieure à une valeur limite ;
la modulation présente à la sortie du dispositif en l’absence d'un signal à l'entrée. Il s'exprime dans ce cadre généralement en décibels (dB).

Le concept de rapport signal sur bruit se généralise à l'ensemble des disciplines. C'est alors le rapport des valeurs de la quantité portant l'information, entre celle que l'on pe

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapport_signal_sur_bruit

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Performance analysis of dual-hop fixed-gain AF relaying systems with OSTBC over Nakagami-m fading channels

Serife Seda Kucur

In this paper, we present outage probability and symbol error rate (SER) performance analyses of a dual-hop transmission using fixed-gain amplify-and-forward relaying in flat Nakagami-m fading channels. The system under consideration is equipped with multiple antennas at source and destination adopting orthogonal space-time block coding to provide transmit diversity and maximum ratio combining to provide receive diversity, respectively. For integer and half-integer m values, closed forms of exact outage probability and moment generating function (MGF) expressions are derived through cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the overall system signal-to-noise ratio. Closed-form exact SER expressions based on the overall CDF are obtained for binary phase shift keying, binary frequency shift keying and M-ary pulse amplitude modulation. Exact SER expressions based on the MGF method are also obtained for binary differential phase shift keying, M-ary phase shift keying and M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation. Moreover, the asymptotic diversity order analysis is performed through derivations of asymptotic outage probability and SER. Theoretical analyses are validated by Monte Carlo simulations showing perfect match between each other. (C) 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Elsevier Gmbh, Urban & Fischer Verlag2012

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Random codes based on quasigroups (RCBQ) are cryptcodes, i.e. they are error-correcting codes, which provide information security. Cut-Decoding and 4-Sets-Cut-Decoding algorithms for these codes are defined elsewhere. Also, the performance of these codes for the transmission of text messages is investigated elsewhere. In this study, the authors investigate the RCBQ's performance with Cut-Decoding and 4-Sets-Cut-Decoding algorithms for transmission of images and audio files through a Gaussian channel. They compare experimental results for both coding/decoding algorithms and for different values of signal-to-noise ratio. In all experiments, the differences between the transmitted and decoded image or audio file are considered. Experimentally obtained values for bit-error rate and packet error rate and the decoding speed of both algorithms are compared. Also, two filters for enhancing the quality of the images decoded using RCBQ are proposed.

2019

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PHz Electronic Device Design and Simulation for Waveguide-Integrated Carrier-Envelope Phase Detection

Yujia Yang

Carrier-envelope phase (CEP) detection of ultrashort optical pulses and low-energy waveform field sampling have recently been demonstrated using direct time-domain methods that exploit optical-field photoemission from plasmonic nanoantennas. These devices are compact and integratable solid-state detectors operating at optical frequencies under ambient conditions using low pulse energies (picojoule-level). Potential applications include frequency-comb stabilization, optical time-domain spectroscopy, compact tools for attosecond science and metrology, and petahertz-scale information processing. However, to date these devices have been driven by free-space optical waveforms and their implementation within integrated photonic platforms has yet to be demonstrated. In this work, we design and simulate fully-integrated plasmonic nanoantennas coupled to a Si3N4-core waveguide for CEP detection. We find that when coupled to realistic on-chip, few-cycle supercontinuum sources, these devices are suitable for direct time-domain CEP detection within integrated photonic platforms. We estimate a signal-to-noise ratio of 30 dB at 50 kHz resolution bandwidth, and address technical details, such as the tuning of the nanoantennas plasmonic resonance, CEP slippage in the waveguide, optical losses, and sensitivity to driving pulse characteristics such as energy and duration. Our results provide the basis for future design and fabrication of time-domain CEP detectors and allow for the development of fully-integrated attosecond science applications, frequency-comb stabilization and light-wave-based PHz electronics.

IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC2022

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