Sérigraphie

Résumé

La sérigraphie (du latin sericum la soie et du grec graphein l’écriture) est une technique d’imprimerie qui utilise des pochoirs (à l'origine, des écrans de soie) interposés entre l’encre et le support. Les supports utilisés peuvent être variés (papier, carton, textile, métal, verre, bois, etc.). Histoire La sérigraphie fut créée par les Chinois durant la dynastie Song (960-1279) et se répandit dans les pays voisins. Véritable phénomène aux États-Unis et en Europe La forte émigration chinoise vers les États-Unis au marqua l’entrée de la sérigraphie dans l’ère moderne et favorisa son éclosion outre-Atlantique. L’engouement fut immédiat et la technique se modernisa, sous l’impulsion d’une industrie américaine très performante. Le racloir supplanta le rouleau pour l’application de l’encre et le nylon fit oublier la soie en guise d’écran. Lors de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les soldats américains diffusèrent ce procédé très en vogue sur le continent européen. Ch

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9rigraphie

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The objective of this lecture is to give an in-depth understanding of the physics and manufacturing processes of photovoltaic solar cells and related devices (photodetectors, photoconductors). The principle and techniques addressed in this lecture will be useful in a wide range of related fields.

This course gives the basics for understanding nanotechnology from an engineer's perspective: physical background, materials aspects and scaling laws, fabrication and imaging of nanoscale devices.

This course addresses the implementation of organic and printed electronics technologies using large area manufacturing techniques. It will provide knowledge on materials, printing techniques, devices, systems, and applications: state of the art and current status on commercialization.

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Additive manufacturing (AM) processes such as material extrusion and vat photopolymerization all require supports to print parts with overhang features. These additional supports using the same or different materials are a waste of materials since they need to be removed after the three-dimensional (3D) printing process and cannot be reused. The printing of supports is also time-consuming for the nozzle-based material extrusion processes. A new type of reusable support has been developed to address the support-related challenges in AM. The main idea is to use a set of dynamically controlled metal pins as a programmable building platform. In the layer fabrication, the metal pins will move up one-layer thickness after the printing of each layer. Also, each metal pin will automatically stop at a specified height that is determined by a combination of metal tubes, magnetic discs, and magnetic rings. Additional supports can be 3D-printed on the top surface of the metal pins, while the amount of the supports is dramatically reduced. After the printing process, the metal rods can be separated from the part and reset for the next printing job. A prototype system has been constructed to demonstrate the reusable support principle. The layout optimization and toolpath generation algorithms for the reusable support are also presented. The experimental results of several test cases show an average of nearly 40% saving on the printing time and material with increased reliability and robustness. The reusable support provides a support generation strategy that could be beneficial to other AM processes such as stereolithography and selective laser melting.

2021

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Low-Temperature Screen-Printed Metallization for the Scale-Up of Two-Terminal Perovskite-Silicon Tandems

Nicolas Badel, Christophe Ballif, Gabriel Christmann, Matthieu Despeisse, Laura Ding, Antonin Faes, Jacques Levrat, Soo-Jin Moon, Sylvain Nicolay, Adriana Paracchino, Bertrand Yves Paul Paviet-Salomon, Arnaud Walter

Tandem photovoltaic devices based on perovskite and crystalline silicon (PK/c-Si) absorbers have the potential to push commercial silicon single junction devices beyond their current efficiency limit. However, their scale-up to industrially relevant sizes is largely limited by current fabrication methods which rely on evaporated metallization of the front contact instead of industry standard screen-printed silver grids. To tackle this challenge, we demonstrate how a low-temperature silver paste applied by a screen-printing process can be used for the front metal grid of two-terminal perovskite-silicon tandem structures. Small-area tandem devices with such printed front metallization show minimal thermal degradation when annealed up to 140 degrees C in air, resulting in silver bulk resistivity of

AMER CHEMICAL SOC2019

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Chromaticity Gamut Enhancement by Heptatone Multi-Color Printing

The present paper studies the chromaticity gamut of multi-color printing processes. Heptatone (7-color) printing - the most promising variant of multi-color printing - offers a significantly larger gamut than a conventional CMYK printing process, approaching CRT and film gamuts. The behavior of the process in the device-independent CIE-XYZ and CIE-Luv* colorimetric spaces is explored using the compound Neugebauer model developped for this purpose. A simple and straightforward Moiri-free separation process is proposed. The strong point of the proposed separation process is the fact that only 3 different screen layers are needed for any odd number of basic colors including black.

1993

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