Screen printing

Summary

Screen printing is a printing technique where a mesh is used to transfer ink (or dye) onto a substrate, except in areas made impermeable to the ink by a blocking stencil. A blade or squeegee is moved across the screen to fill the open mesh apertures with ink, and a reverse stroke then causes the screen to touch the substrate momentarily along a line of contact. This causes the ink to wet the substrate and be pulled out of the mesh apertures as the screen springs back after the blade has passed. One colour is printed at a time, so several screens can be used to produce a multi-coloured image or design. Traditionally, silk was used in the process. Currently, synthetic threads are commonly used in the screen printing process. The most popular mesh in general use is made of polyester. There are special-use mesh materials of nylon and stainless steel available to the screen-printer. There are also different types of mesh size which will determine the outcome and look of the finished de

Official source

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen_printing

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Reusable support for additive manufacturing

Ziqi Wang

Additive manufacturing (AM) processes such as material extrusion and vat photopolymerization all require supports to print parts with overhang features. These additional supports using the same or different materials are a waste of materials since they need to be removed after the three-dimensional (3D) printing process and cannot be reused. The printing of supports is also time-consuming for the nozzle-based material extrusion processes. A new type of reusable support has been developed to address the support-related challenges in AM. The main idea is to use a set of dynamically controlled metal pins as a programmable building platform. In the layer fabrication, the metal pins will move up one-layer thickness after the printing of each layer. Also, each metal pin will automatically stop at a specified height that is determined by a combination of metal tubes, magnetic discs, and magnetic rings. Additional supports can be 3D-printed on the top surface of the metal pins, while the amount of the supports is dramatically reduced. After the printing process, the metal rods can be separated from the part and reset for the next printing job. A prototype system has been constructed to demonstrate the reusable support principle. The layout optimization and toolpath generation algorithms for the reusable support are also presented. The experimental results of several test cases show an average of nearly 40% saving on the printing time and material with increased reliability and robustness. The reusable support provides a support generation strategy that could be beneficial to other AM processes such as stereolithography and selective laser melting.

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Low-Temperature Screen-Printed Metallization for the Scale-Up of Two-Terminal Perovskite-Silicon Tandems

Nicolas Badel, Christophe Ballif, Gabriel Christmann, Matthieu Despeisse, Laura Ding, Antonin Faes, Jacques Levrat, Soo-Jin Moon, Sylvain Nicolay, Adriana Paracchino, Bertrand Yves Paul Paviet-Salomon, Arnaud Walter

Tandem photovoltaic devices based on perovskite and crystalline silicon (PK/c-Si) absorbers have the potential to push commercial silicon single junction devices beyond their current efficiency limit. However, their scale-up to industrially relevant sizes is largely limited by current fabrication methods which rely on evaporated metallization of the front contact instead of industry standard screen-printed silver grids. To tackle this challenge, we demonstrate how a low-temperature silver paste applied by a screen-printing process can be used for the front metal grid of two-terminal perovskite-silicon tandem structures. Small-area tandem devices with such printed front metallization show minimal thermal degradation when annealed up to 140 degrees C in air, resulting in silver bulk resistivity of

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Chromaticity Gamut Enhancement by Heptatone Multi-Color Printing

The present paper studies the chromaticity gamut of multi-color printing processes. Heptatone (7-color) printing - the most promising variant of multi-color printing - offers a significantly larger gamut than a conventional CMYK printing process, approaching CRT and film gamuts. The behavior of the process in the device-independent CIE-XYZ and CIE-Luv* colorimetric spaces is explored using the compound Neugebauer model developped for this purpose. A simple and straightforward Moiri-free separation process is proposed. The strong point of the proposed separation process is the fact that only 3 different screen layers are needed for any odd number of basic colors including black.

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