Associated graded ringIn mathematics, the associated graded ring of a ring R with respect to a proper ideal I is the graded ring: Similarly, if M is a left R-module, then the associated graded module is the graded module over : For a ring R and ideal I, multiplication in is defined as follows: First, consider homogeneous elements and and suppose is a representative of a and is a representative of b. Then define to be the equivalence class of in . Note that this is well-defined modulo . Multiplication of inhomogeneous elements is defined by using the distributive property.
Bott periodicity theoremIn mathematics, the Bott periodicity theorem describes a periodicity in the homotopy groups of classical groups, discovered by , which proved to be of foundational significance for much further research, in particular in K-theory of stable complex vector bundles, as well as the stable homotopy groups of spheres. Bott periodicity can be formulated in numerous ways, with the periodicity in question always appearing as a period-2 phenomenon, with respect to dimension, for the theory associated to the unitary group.
Fibré de CliffordEn mathématiques, le fibré de Clifford est un concept de géométrie différentielle qui permet d'étendre la notion d'algèbre de Clifford au cadre des variétés riemanniennes orientées, donc d'espaces « courbes » munis d'une métrique. De même que l'algèbre de Clifford, le fibré de Clifford offre un cadre de calcul utile pour introduire les concepts de géométrie spinorielle. Un concept apparenté porte un nom très proche : un fibré en modules de Clifford est un fibré vectoriel dont les fibres portent une structure de module de Clifford, c'est-à-dire forment un espace de représentation du fibré de Clifford.
Dual quaternionIn mathematics, the dual quaternions are an 8-dimensional real algebra isomorphic to the tensor product of the quaternions and the dual numbers. Thus, they may be constructed in the same way as the quaternions, except using dual numbers instead of real numbers as coefficients. A dual quaternion can be represented in the form A + εB, where A and B are ordinary quaternions and ε is the dual unit, which satisfies ε2 = 0 and commutes with every element of the algebra. Unlike quaternions, the dual quaternions do not form a division algebra.
Espace-temps (structure algébrique)En physique mathématique, lespace-temps peut-être modélisé par une structure d'algèbre géométrique satisfaisant la géométrie décrite par la relativité restreinte. On parle alors dalgèbre d'espace-temps ou algèbre spatio-temporelle (Space-time algebra en anglais). L'espace-temps contient alors des vecteurs, bivecteurs et autres multivecteurs qui peuvent être combinés les uns aux autres ainsi que transformés selon les transformations de Lorentz ou autres transformations possibles dans une algèbre géométrique (notamment les réflexions).
Clifford module bundleIn differential geometry, a Clifford module bundle, a bundle of Clifford modules or just Clifford module is a vector bundle whose fibers are Clifford modules, the representations of Clifford algebras. The canonical example is a spinor bundle. In fact, on a Spin manifold, every Clifford module is obtained by twisting the spinor bundle. The notion "Clifford module bundle" should not be confused with a Clifford bundle, which is a bundle of Clifford algebras.
SO(8)In mathematics, SO(8) is the special orthogonal group acting on eight-dimensional Euclidean space. It could be either a real or complex simple Lie group of rank 4 and dimension 28. Like all special orthogonal groups of , SO(8) is not simply connected, having a fundamental group isomorphic to Z2. The universal cover of SO(8) is the spin group Spin(8). The center of SO(8) is Z2, the diagonal matrices {±I} (as for all SO(2n) with 2n ≥ 4), while the center of Spin(8) is Z2×Z2 (as for all Spin(4n), 4n ≥ 4).
