Théorie des domainesLa théorie des domaines est une branche des mathématiques dont le principal champ d'application se trouve en informatique théorique. Cette partie de la théorie des ensembles ordonnés a été introduite par Dana Scott pendant les années 1960, afin de fournir le cadre théorique nécessaire à la définition d'une sémantique dénotationnelle du lambda-calcul. Les domaines sont des ensembles partiellement ordonnés.
Glossary of order theoryThis is a glossary of some terms used in various branches of mathematics that are related to the fields of order, lattice, and domain theory. Note that there is a structured list of order topics available as well. Other helpful resources might be the following overview articles: completeness properties of partial orders distributivity laws of order theory preservation properties of functions between posets. In the following, partial orders will usually just be denoted by their carrier sets.
Compact elementIn the mathematical area of order theory, the compact elements or finite elements of a partially ordered set are those elements that cannot be subsumed by a supremum of any non-empty directed set that does not already contain members above the compact element. This notion of compactness simultaneously generalizes the notions of finite sets in set theory, compact sets in topology, and finitely generated modules in algebra. (There are other notions of compactness in mathematics.
Order theoryOrder theory is a branch of mathematics that investigates the intuitive notion of order using binary relations. It provides a formal framework for describing statements such as "this is less than that" or "this precedes that". This article introduces the field and provides basic definitions. A list of order-theoretic terms can be found in the order theory glossary. Orders are everywhere in mathematics and related fields like computer science. The first order often discussed in primary school is the standard order on the natural numbers e.
Algèbre de HeytingEn mathématiques, une algèbre de Heyting est une structure algébrique introduite en 1930 par le mathématicien néerlandais Arend Heyting pour rendre compte formellement de la logique intuitionniste de Brouwer, alors récemment développée. Les algèbres de Heyting sont donc pour la logique intuitionniste analogue à ce que sont des algèbres de Boole pour la logique classique : un modèle formel permettant d'en fixer les propriétés.
Complete latticeIn mathematics, a complete lattice is a partially ordered set in which all subsets have both a supremum (join) and an infimum (meet). A lattice which satisfies at least one of these properties is known as a conditionally complete lattice. Specifically, every non-empty finite lattice is complete. Complete lattices appear in many applications in mathematics and computer science. Being a special instance of lattices, they are studied both in order theory and universal algebra.
Greatest element and least elementIn mathematics, especially in order theory, the greatest element of a subset of a partially ordered set (poset) is an element of that is greater than every other element of . The term least element is defined dually, that is, it is an element of that is smaller than every other element of Let be a preordered set and let An element is said to be if and if it also satisfies: for all By switching the side of the relation that is on in the above definition, the definition of a least element of is obtained.
Section commençanteEn mathématiques, et plus précisément en théorie des ordres, une section commençante (également appelée segment initial ou sous-ensemble fermé inférieurement) d'un ensemble ordonné (X,≤) est un sous-ensemble S de X tel que si x est dans S et si y ≤ x, alors y est dans S. Dualement, on appelle section finissante (ou sous-ensemble fermé supérieurement) un sous-ensemble F tel que si x est dans F et si x ≤ y, alors y est dans F.
