Conscience (biologie) | EPFL Graph Search

thumb|La conscience, telle qu'elle était conçue au . Robert Fludd, Utriusque cosmi maioris scilicet et minoris […] historia, tomus II (1619), tractatus I, sectio I, liber X, De triplici animae in corpore visione. En biologie, la conscience regroupe le sens de l'éveil, la connaissance de soi et la perception de l'environnement. L'étude de ce phénomène a été longtemps négligée sur le plan scientifique, faute d'outils conceptuels et expérimentaux, tandis qu'il faisait l'objet d'intenses débats dans les domaines de la philosophie, de la métaphysique, de la religion et de la psychologie. En ce début du , s'il n’existe pas encore d’explication complète de la conscience, les neurosciences commencent à décrypter le support biologique du phénomène de l'esprit, en particulier avec Antonio Damasio, qui montre dans son livre L'erreur de Descartes, que l'esprit et le corps fonctionnent de manière indissociable. Dans les années 1980, les études du phénomène de la conscience concernaient surtout l'

Act Quickly, Decide Later: Long-latency Visual Processing Underlies Perceptual Decisions but Not Reflexive Behavior

Humans largely guide their behavior by their visual representation of the world. Recent studies have shown that visual information can trigger behavior within 150 msec, suggesting that visually guided responses to external events, in fact, precede conscious awareness of those events. However, is such a view correct? By using a texture discrimination task, we show that the brain relies on long-latency visual processing in order to guide perceptual decisions. Decreasing stimulus saliency leads to selective changes in long-latency visually evoked potential components reflecting scene segmentation. These latency changes are accompanied by almost equal changes in simple RTs and points of subjective simultaneity. Furthermore, we find a strong correlation between individual RTs and the latencies of scene segmentation related components in the visually evoked potentials, showing that the processes underlying these late brain potentials are critical in triggering a response. However, using the same texture stimuli in an antisaccade task, we found that reflexive, but erroneous, prosaccades, but not antisaccades, can be triggered by earlier visual processes. In other words: The brain can act quickly, but decides late. Differences between our study and earlier findings suggesting that action precedes conscious awareness can be explained by assuming that task demands determine whether a fast and unconscious, or a slower and conscious, representation is used to initiate a visually guided response.

2011

Psychophysical magic: rendering the "invisible" visible

Adriana De Pesters

Conscious and unconscious processing are two of the most hot topics in neuroscience. In unconscious processing research, usually a direct measure is used to show that a target is not consciously perceived. An indirect measure is used to show that still the target can influence visual processing. This unconscious processing is usually related to fast motor priming in a short period before conscious processing takes over. Here, I show that features of unconscious elements can influence visual information processing and are not related to motor priming. Interestingly, these features can become conscious even though the carriers of the features are not

2009

Wearable Haptics for Somatosensory Perception and Self-consciousness

Atena Fadaeijouybari

Recent research has highlighted the crucial role of the processing of somatosensory signals involving the torso for global aspects of Bodily Self Consciousness (BSC), i.e., the experience of the conscious "I" as embodied and localized within bodily space. Compared to advances in hand or finger-based haptic interfaces, current haptic technology for the torso is relatively underdeveloped as its operations are limited to stationary conditions and laboratory environments. My thesis aims to design, implement and validate novel torso-worn tactile displays to investigate BSC in healthy individuals with specific emphasis on robot-induced presence hallucination (PH, illusory experience of feeling someone behind) and tactile gait agency. First, I examined if torso-worn haptic interfaces can be used to induce specific alterations of BSC (passivity, self-touch, and PH) in healthy individuals by adapting a robotic system and paradigm previously established by our lab (Blanke et al. 2014) to the torso-worn haptic interface. In a feasibility study in healthy individuals, a torso-worn vibrotactile display (Study1) successfully induced the illusory sensations of being touched (passivity experience). Next, I developed CognoVest, a portable, torso-worn force interface that I designed to provide human-like poking stimuli on the user's back. Study 2 confirms the induction of illusory self-touch and passivity experiences by CognoVest and the induction of PH of mild to moderate intensity in healthy individuals. In Study 3, I extended the use of torso-worn haptic interfaces to the research on conscious action monitoring and investigated the sense of agency (SoA; a core aspect of BSC) for the entire body. To this aim, I developed the FeetBack system that examines the sensorimotor perception of tactile action consequences during locomotion, as previously tested by our lab for auditory and visual action consequences. Study 3 extends prior findings on the auditory or visual gait agency to the sense of touch and shows that delayed re-mapped tactile feedback systematically modulates SoA for walking. Finally, I examined and compared tactile spatial discrimination on the human back (Study 4) for force and vibrotactile stimulation, using interfaces realized in Study 2 and 3, thus providing a first direct (within-participant) evaluation of such interfaces. At the intersection of haptics and behavioral neuroscience, my thesis makes contributions by taking the first steps towards the design, and validation of torso-worn haptic interfaces as well as their applications in stationary/mobile sensorimotor experimentation settings. My findings for tactile perception on the back suggest that designers can use force stimulators to design the torso-worn tactile interface to provide more ecological touch feedback with an (almost) similar level of tactile spatial discrimination accuracy as observed in widespread vibrotactile interfaces. I applied this approach to the design of the CognoVest that induced systematic change in self-other distinctions. Results with CognoVest might have important implications for developing wearable therapeutic devices to down-regulate specific psychotic symptoms in patients with PH experiences. Moreover, I showed that healthy walkers had strong SoA for remapped tactile feedback, suggesting that the FeetBack system could potentially be used to enhance gait awareness in patients with gait deficits.

EPFL2021

Wearable Haptics for Somatosensory Perception and Self-consciousness

Atena Fadaeijouybari

EPFL2021