Indian epic poetryIndian epic poetry is the epic poetry written in the Indian subcontinent, traditionally called Kavya (or Kāvya; Sanskrit: काव्य, IAST: kāvyá). The Ramayana and the Mahabharata, which were originally composed in Sanskrit and later translated into many other Indian languages, and the Five Great Epics of Tamil literature and Sangam literature are some of the oldest surviving epic poems ever written. In modern Hindi literature, Kamayani by Jaishankar Prasad has attained the status of an epic.
Hindu textsHindu texts are manuscripts and voluminous historical literature which are related to any of the diverse traditions within Hinduism. A few of these texts are shared across these traditions and they are broadly considered Hindu scriptures. These include the Itihasa and Vedas. Scholars hesitate in defining the term "Hindu scriptures" given the diverse nature of Hinduism, but many list the Agamas as Hindu scriptures, and Dominic Goodall includes Bhagavata Purana and Yajnavalkya Smriti in the list of Hindu scriptures as well.
Histoire de l'hindouismethumb|upright=1.5|Région de l'Inde concernée par la période Védique Hindouisme est un terme qui recouvre une grande variété de traditions du sous-continent indien. Les origines de cette religion aux multiples facettes sont très anciennes. L’existence d’une religion préhistorique en Inde a été trouvée dans les traces de la civilisation de la vallée de l'Indus, comprenant des bains rituels, des symboles phalliques semblables au Shiva Lingam contemporain, des swastika ainsi que de nombreuses figures représentant probablement des déesses mères, bien que certains chercheurs aient mis en doute leur fonction religieuse.
Bhaṭṭikāvya(bɦɐʈʈɪˈkaːʋjɐ; "Bhatti's Poem") is a Sanskrit-language poem dating from the 7th century CE, in the formal genre of "great poem" (mahākāvya). It focuses on two deeply rooted Sanskrit traditions, the Ramayana and Panini's grammar, while incorporating numerous other traditions, in a rich mix of science and art, poetically retelling the adventures of Rama and a compendium of examples of grammar and rhetoric. As literature, it is often considered to stand comparison with the best of Sanskrit poetry.
Rasa (esthétique)Le terme sanskrit rasa (littéralement "sève") est utilisé dans la tradition classique indienne pour désigner le sentiment propre à une œuvre littéraire, dramatique ou musicale. Cette théorie esthétique fut d’abord formulée dans le Nâtya-shâstra, un traité sur le théâtre, la danse et la musique. Seuls huit rasa y étaient mentionnés (les neuf mentionnés ci-dessous moins le shanta rasa). Ce terme décrit l’expérience de goût esthétique lors d’une représentation.
Fablethumb|Chat gardant des oies. Égypte, vers -1120 thumb|Buste de l'époque hellénistique censé représenter Ésope, le créateur du genre. thumb|La fable Le Corbeau et le Renard était déjà chez Ésope et Phèdre. (Ill. de Grandville, 1838) thumb|Le Loup et l'Agneau est aussi une fable très ancienne. (Ill. de H. Weir, 1867) Une fable est un court récit en vers ou en prose qui vise à donner de façon plaisante une leçon de vie.
KirātārjunīyaKirātārjunīya (किरातार्जुनीय, Of Arjuna and the Kirāta) is an epic poem by Bhāravi, written in Sanskrit. Believed to have been composed in the 6th century or earlier, it consists of eighteen cantos describing the combat between Arjuna and Lord Shiva (in the guise of a kirāta, or "mountain-dwelling hunter"). Along with the Naiṣadhacarita and the Shishupala Vadha, it is one of the larger three of the six Sanskrit mahakavyas, or great epics. It is noted among Sanskrit critics both for its gravity or depth of meaning, and for its forceful and sometimes playful expression.
BhāsaBhāsa is one of the earliest and most celebrated Indian playwrights in Sanskrit, predating Kalidasa. His name was already well-known by the 1st century BCE and he belongs to the late-Mauryan (322-184 BCE) period at the earliest, but the thirteen plays attached to his name are commonly dated closer to the first or second century CE. His plays had been lost for centuries until the manuscripts were rediscovered in 1913 by the Indian scholar Ganapati Shastri.
ChandasSanskrit prosody or Chandas refers to one of the six Vedangas, or limbs of Vedic studies. It is the study of poetic metres and verse in Sanskrit. This field of study was central to the composition of the Vedas, the scriptural canons of Hinduism, so central that some later Hindu and Buddhist texts refer to the Vedas as Chandas. The Chandas, as developed by the Vedic schools, were organized around seven major metres, and each had its own rhythm, movements and aesthetics.
DraupadiDans l'épopée du Mahābhārata, Draupadi (devanāgarī : द्रौपदी) est la fille du roi Drupada du Panchala, et devient la femme commune des cinq Pāndava, héros du Mahābhārata, face aux Kaurava. Elle est l'une des figures féminines essentielles du Mahābhārata. Draupadi apparaît au livre I du Mahābhārata. Elle est la fille de Draupada. Ce dernier, voulant se venger de Drona, organise une cérémonie durant laquelle il invoque les dieux pour qu'il lui donne un fils qui le vengera de Drona.
