Bielle (mécanique)

Résumé

thumb|upright=.75|Anatomie d'une bielle automobile. En mécanique, une bielle est une pièce dotée de deux articulations, une à chaque extrémité, dans le but de transmettre une force, un mouvement ou une position. L'articulation à chaque extrémité de la bielle peut être un pivot ou une rotule. Son utilisation la plus connue est dans le système bielle-manivelle où, associée à une manivelle, on obtient la transformation d'un mouvement de rotation continu en un mouvement alternatif de rotation ou de translation, et réciproquement. Certains moteurs (comme les moteurs en V) utilisent des bielles complexes, en associant deux pistons à un seul maneton de vilebrequin. Bielle dans le système bielle-manivelle Système bielle-manivelle Machine à vapeur Machine à vapeur thumb|upright=.75|Les roues d'une locomotive à vapeur sont mises en rotation par plusieurs bielles. Dans le cas des locomotives à vapeur, et plus généralement des machines à vapeur, la bielle permet la transf

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Publications associées (3)

A Variational Approach to a Problem of Rotating Rods

Jean Descloux

1991

Chargement

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In order to study parasitic oscillation that may occur in a realistic beam duct upstream to the gyrotron cavity, the self-consistent linear and spectral code TWANGlinspec has been modified. The large inhomogeneities in the smooth-wall beam duct geometry or in the magnetic field profile required the implementation of a numerical approach using a hybrid finite element method. The new model permits to characterize a large number of potentially spurious TE modes. Compared to previous studies on gyrotron beam duct instabilities, an extended interaction space including also the gyrotron cavity has been considered. The role of the connecting part between the beam duct and the cavity, called spacer, is highlighted and it is shown that the gyro backward-wave TE modes excited in this region generally have their minimum starting current. The sensitivity of the minimum starting current on electron beam velocity spread is also evaluated.

2018

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Vibrational amplitudes in vitreous silica

Alfredo Pasquarello

A model structure of vitreous silica, for which the vibrational frequencies and eigenmodes were calculated from first principles, is used to investigate vibrational amplitudes. Calculated mean-square displacements for oxygen and silicon atoms are obtained as a function of temperature. The square displacement tensors of oxygen atoms show a marked anisotropic character, which is related to the local geometry. The displacements of oxygen atoms along the three principal directions can be associated to distinct parts of the vibrational spectrum, as evidenced by their thermal dependence. These anisotropic effects directly affect the elastic and the static structure factors, which are sensitive to the correlation between displacements of different atoms along their connecting direction. This description shows that the observed widths for Si-O and O-O correlations mainly derive from atomic vibrations rather than from structural disorder. Anisotropic correlations between different atoms are shown to be important up to a distance of 4 Angstrom, i.e., involving atoms that belong to corner-sharing tetrahedra. The scattering functions, calculated at finite temperature and in the harmonic approximation, show good agreement with experiment. In particular, the comparison between the static and the elastic structure factors yields a characterization of the correlated displacements in accord with experimental observations. The static structure factor is significantly affected by anisotropic correlations, but shows only a weak dependence on temperature between 0 and 300 K.

2000

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