Graphe sommet-transitifEn théorie des graphes, un graphe non-orienté est sommet-transitif si pour tout couple de sommets, il existe un automorphisme de graphe qui envoie le premier sommet sur le deuxième. De manière informelle cette propriété indique que tous les sommets jouent exactement le même rôle à l'intérieur du graphe. Un graphe est sommet-transitif si pour tout couple de sommets, il existe un automorphisme de graphe qui envoie le premier sommet sur le deuxième.
Graphe de ShrikhandeLe graphe de Shrikhande est, en théorie des graphes, un graphe 6-régulier possédant 16 sommets et 48 arêtes, découvert par S. S. Shrikhande. Le diamètre du graphe de Shrikhande, l'excentricité maximale de ses sommets, est 2, son rayon, l'excentricité minimale de ses sommets, est 2 et sa maille, la longueur de son plus court cycle, est 3. Il s'agit d'un graphe 6-sommet-connexe et d'un graphe 6-arête-connexe, c'est-à-dire qu'il est connexe et que pour le rendre déconnecté il faut le priver au minimum de 6 sommets ou de 6 arêtes.
Graphe intégralEn théorie des graphes, un graphe intégral est un graphe dont le spectre de la matrice d'adjacence ne contient que des entiers (relatifs). En d'autres termes, les racines de son polynôme caractéristique sont toutes entières. Leur étude fut introduite par Harary et Schwenk en 1974. Le plus petit graphe intégral est le graphe singleton. Aux ordres 1, 2 et 3 il existe un unique graphe connexe intégral. Il existe 2 graphes connexes intégraux distincts à isomorphisme près à l'ordre 4, 3 à l'ordre 5, 6 à l'ordre 6, 7 à l'ordre 7, 22 à l'ordre 8, 24 à l'ordre 9 et 83 à l'ordre 10.
Graphe cheminIn the mathematical field of graph theory, a path graph (or linear graph) is a graph whose vertices can be listed in the order v_1, v_2, ..., v_n such that the edges are {v_i, v_i+1} where i = 1, 2, ..., n − 1. Equivalently, a path with at least two vertices is connected and has two terminal vertices (vertices that have degree 1), while all others (if any) have degree 2. Paths are often important in their role as subgraphs of other graphs, in which case they are called paths in that graph.
Biconnected componentIn graph theory, a biconnected component (sometimes known as a 2-connected component) is a maximal biconnected subgraph. Any connected graph decomposes into a tree of biconnected components called the block-cut tree of the graph. The blocks are attached to each other at shared vertices called cut vertices or separating vertices or articulation points. Specifically, a cut vertex is any vertex whose removal increases the number of connected components.
Rook's graphIn graph theory, a rook's graph is an undirected graph that represents all legal moves of the rook chess piece on a chessboard. Each vertex of a rook's graph represents a square on a chessboard, and there is an edge between any two squares sharing a row (rank) or column (file), the squares that a rook can move between. These graphs can be constructed for chessboards of any rectangular shape.
Graph operationsIn the mathematical field of graph theory, graph operations are operations which produce new graphs from initial ones. They include both unary (one input) and binary (two input) operations. Unary operations create a new graph from a single initial graph. Elementary operations or editing operations, which are also known as graph edit operations, create a new graph from one initial one by a simple local change, such as addition or deletion of a vertex or of an edge, merging and splitting of vertices, edge contraction, etc.
Hamiltonian pathIn the mathematical field of graph theory, a Hamiltonian path (or traceable path) is a path in an undirected or directed graph that visits each vertex exactly once. A Hamiltonian cycle (or Hamiltonian circuit) is a cycle that visits each vertex exactly once. A Hamiltonian path that starts and ends at adjacent vertices can be completed by adding one more edge to form a Hamiltonian cycle, and removing any edge from a Hamiltonian cycle produces a Hamiltonian path.
Théorie spectrale des graphesEn mathématiques, la théorie spectrale des graphes s'intéresse aux rapports entre les spectres des différentes matrices que l'on peut associer à un graphe et ses propriétés. C'est une branche de la théorie algébrique des graphes. On s'intéresse en général à la matrice d'adjacence et à la matrice laplacienne normalisée. Soit un graphe , où désigne l'ensemble des sommets et l'ensemble des arêtes. Le graphe possède sommets, notés et arêtes, notées .
Perfect matchingIn graph theory, a perfect matching in a graph is a matching that covers every vertex of the graph. More formally, given a graph G = (V, E), a perfect matching in G is a subset M of edge set E, such that every vertex in the vertex set V is adjacent to exactly one edge in M. A perfect matching is also called a 1-factor; see Graph factorization for an explanation of this term. In some literature, the term complete matching is used. Every perfect matching is a maximum-cardinality matching, but the opposite is not true.
